MIAMI

• ‘Real Housewives of Miami’ could return with Phil Collins’ ex in cast (Page Six exclusive)

"The “Real Housewives of Miami” could be heading back to TV.
A source tells Page Six that Bravo is “revisiting” the series and is in “preliminary conversations for a potential return,” to the Florida hotspot.
The show initially ran just three seasons, from 2011-2013 and included cast members Larsa Pippen and Lisa Hochstein.
According to the source, the reboot could include some former cast members, as well as Phil Collins’ ex Orianne Cevey — who has been going through a long series of legal proceedings with the pop icon over his multimillion-dollar Miami manse.
Last year, the “Sussudio” singer su-sued to evict Cevey and her current husband, Thomas Bates, from the property. But Cevey claimed that Collins promised her half of the $40 million estate, which Collins was desperately trying to sell.
Sources said that the cast of the reboot could also include singer Paula Rubio.
Back in November, Andy Cohen revealed on the “Everything Iconic” podcast that he was trying to get NBCUniversal — which owns Bravo — to pick up a new season of the show for the NBC streaming service Peacock.
“I have really been trying to get Peacock to pick up Miami,” he said. “I don’t know if I’m allowed to say this. I don’t know where we are with that. I have to say the fans of Miami are still very vocal, and so I’ve been an advocate for Peacock bringing back Miami.”
Page Six has reported that during the pandemic, Miami has been a site for raging parties and high-priced real-estate buys, as A-listers have been streaming to the area."
BEVERLY HILLS

• Photo gallery: Young Yolanda Hadid's Best Modeling Moments (L'Officiel)
• Yolanda Hadid wears a 'Love' beanie as she celebrates her 57th birthday with stroll through NYC with her beau Joseph Jingoli (Daily Mail)
• RHOBH fans worry about Brandi Glanville after she sobs about ‘breaking up’ with her couch and blames meltdown on ‘Xanax’ (The Sun UK)
• Photos: Dorit with a tiny purse (Queens of Bravo Twitter)
• Lisa Vanderpump Talks Run-In With Kyle Richards, Lisa Rinna’s Editing Requests, And Admits She Hasn’t Written Off A Return, Plus Believes Cast Is Jealous Of Her Opportunities And Success (The Skinny Confidential Him and Her podcast/Reality Blurb)

"Lisa Vanderpump opened up about her run-ins with Kyle Richards during a recent podcast appearance.
After Kyle confirmed the two of them had crossed paths on a number of occasions in recent months, the former Real Housewives of Beverly Hills cast member explained why she’s never thrilled to run into her former friend before addressing editing complaints made by Lisa Rinna and dishing on a potential return.
“I seem to run into Kyle a few times,” Vanderpump revealed on Dear Media’s The Skinny Confidential Him & Her Podcast.
While Vanderpump and Kyle have seen each other in stores and in restaurants, Vanderpump doesn’t have an interest in reconciling their friendship.
“She always runs up to me and she always goes, ‘Hi, how are you?’ And I go, ‘Good.’ But I think when somebody doesn’t have good intention for you, where does that leave a friendship? I want friends around me that have good intention for me,” she explained.
As for Rinna, Vanderpump noticed that her former co-star had shared something odd on her Instagram page months ago in regard to how she hoped to be portrayed after being pegged as a mean girl during season 10.
“We saw Lisa Rinna post something saying, ‘Oh, can you all please tell Bravo that you want to see us being nice and not having fights?,’ at the end of last season, but why?” Vanderpump wondered. “I would never do anything that I didn’t want to do. It’s a reality show, but my reality is how I’m going to react. And if you’re going to overreact or create something… I don’t think I was ever inauthentic.”
While Vanderpump quit the show after being labeled a liar by her castmates, she said she had the “best time” while looking back at the many seasons she spent on the Bravo reality series and noted that she loves the network.
“Would I go back? I would never say never because it was fantastic. And I had a great time,” she admitted.
Following the Puppy Gate drama of RHOBH on season nine, it was noted that the ladies of the show were furious at producers for using them to create a storyline that would ultimately launch a new spinoff for Vanderpump. While that spinoff, Vanderpump Dogs, wasn’t announced until over a year later, Vanderpump said it was not far-fetched to think her co-stars were jealous, especially considering the show is her second spinoff.
“In the second season to be given Vanderpump Rules, that was a huge… because a lot of other Housewives tried for their own spinoff and they did pilots and it didn’t come to fruition,” Vanderpump explained.
“I had a lot of opportunities that others didn’t have. And maybe that did result in some feelings,” she continued. “I mean, I was suddenly on Dancing With the Stars or I got my star on the Walk of Fame or Vanderpump Rules was going on. And then I was doing a lot of things politically as well. I was trying to fight for the humane treatment of dogs. I was speaking to Congress… Maybe it did result in feelings.”
Although Vanderpump had a great time appearing on RHOBH, at least generally speaking, she went on to reveal that what made her the most upset about her time on the show was the reaction she received from her castmates after the devastating suicide of her brother Mark Vanderpump.
“I had been accused of being so British and so stiff upper lip and not sharing my feelings. And there you have it. I was a f**king broken mess. And how was it dealt with by them? You saw it,” she shared."
ATLANTA

• Preview of next Atlanta episode (Queens of Bravo Twitter)
• Kenya Moore Debuts a New "Peachy" Hair Color (Kenya Moore Instagram/Bravo)

NEW YORK

• Photo: Ramona Singer, Sonja Morgan and Luann de Lesseps filming RHONY season 13 (realhousewivesfranchise Instagram)
• Leah McSweeney Would Support Her Daughter Getting Plastic Surgery If It ‘Improved Her Quality of Life’ (US Weekly exclusive)

"Leah McSweeney revealed she would “of course” support her 12-year-old daughter, Kier, if she wanted to get plastic surgery someday.
“If it made sense and if it was going to improve the quality of her life for whatever reason,” McSweeney, 38, exclusively told Us Weekly. “I mean my daughter’s drop dead beautiful, but if there was something in the future that she wanted to do, I can’t even imagine what it would be, but it’s, like, case by case.”
The Real Housewives of New York City star, who calls her daughter Kiki, explained that the biggest question is “how do I protect my daughter?” in the current social media-focused world.
“It’s more about looking at these images on Instagram. It was about social media — that post that I did. We know that people, very famous people, put pictures of themselves on Instagram and that is not what they look like in real life,” she said. “It’s wild. And they also say that they’ve never had surgery. So young women think that some of this stuff is natural, like, they look like this, and they don’t, and that’s a problem."
The Bravo personality, who announced last month that she underwent breast augmentation and a boob lift over the holidays, noted that she has never taken the decision to go under the knife lightly.
“It’s not that I’m an impulsive person and it’s not, like, I’d never thought about it before,” she told Us. “Even, like, last year, I was saying a lot, ‘Oh, I think it’s going to be time soon.’”
The designer revealed that she underwent surgery now after thinking about whether she would have any more children.
“It’s possible [I’d have more kids] but the chances are very, very slim. It was symbolic of me being like, ‘You know what? I’m probably not going to,’” she told Us. “I always said, ‘I’ll do them once I know for sure I’m not going to be breastfeeding again,’ because why would I if I’m going to be breastfeeding? And I think this was kind of symbolic in me making that decision where I really don’t think that’s in the stars for me.”
McSweeney, who shares Kiki with ex Rob Cristofaro, said she is “beyond” happy with the result and “can’t wait” to put on a bikini.
The reality star, who revealed in September 2020 that she had cosmetic surgery on her nose, is now “done” with the body changes.
“I’m done spending money on it. I’m done taking time off to heal,” she told Us in January. “I think these were the two things that I’ve always wanted, or the only things that I’ve ever thought about getting.”
Once she hits her 60s, however, McSweeney said things could change. “In the future when I’m 60 or 55, am I getting a face lift? Hell yeah! I have no qualms about any of that,” she added."
ORANGE COUNTY

• Elizabeth Lyn Vargas Claims Braunwyn Windham-Burke and Sean Burke Have ‘Dirt’ on Each Other: They Should ‘Definitely’ Divorce (US Weekly exclusive)

"Not holding back! Elizabeth Lyn Vargas doesn’t totally agree with the terms of Braunwyn Windham-Burke and Sean Burke‘s “modern” marriage.
Braunwyn, 43, and her husband of 20 years sparked speculation of a split in October 2020 after she revealed that they were no longer living in the same home. The duo share seven children: Bella, 20, Rowan, 18, Jacob, 15, 7-year-old twins Caden and Curren, Koa, 5, and Hazel, 2. Though the reality star later told Us Weekly that she had “every intention” of remaining married to Sean, Elizabeth, 45, isn’t sure it’s for the right reasons.
“Oh, they got dirt on each other, which I know about,” the Missouri native told Us exclusively on Monday, January 11, while teasing the 15th season of the Real Housewives of Orange County.
Sean moved back into his family’s home in November 2020, and the following month, Braunwyn came out as a lesbian. “I got married very young and I never thought about it. … I’m just now starting to feel like I’m becoming the woman I was supposed to be,” she explained in an interview with GLAAD, noting that her husband has been supportive of her on her path to self-discovery. “I plan on staying married. … We’re raising the kids together. He’s my best friend,” she said.
Though Braunwyn and Sean are attempting to work through their ups and downs as a team, Elizabeth told Us that she doesn’t “agree” with the way they’ve been “handling” the situation.
“You know, my ex-husband and I had a weird relationship too, I can’t judge it. … I think that Sean should move on and she should let him, you know, he’s going to have to pay her bills anyway,” the Edge Music CEO explained, adding that Sean has been a “wonderful human being” whenever they’ve crossed paths. “He loves her so much and it’s so heartbreaking to see her say she was never attracted to him.”
Shortly after opening up about her sexual identity, Braunwyn introduced fans to her girlfriend, Kris. Though she’s already moved on, the Bravo personality admitted in an Instagram Q&A earlier this month that she would be “heartbroken” to see Sean do the same. At the time, Elizabeth slammed her costar’s “extremely narcissistic & hypocritical” point of view in a lengthy Instagram post — and she still isn’t backing down.
“She should definitely divorce. They should divorce and then just live separate lives,” Elizabeth told Us on Monday. “You know, that house was rented. So they should just get out of the lease. … They should live separate lives and the kids are already in turmoil. They went through [Braunwyn’s] alcoholism and now they’re going through abandonment. … I just don’t agree with how she’s doing anything.”

• Shane reveals the ringtone he uses for Emily (Emily Simpson Instagram/Queens of Bravo Twitter)
• Braunwyn Windham-Burke Reveals How She Balances Her Marriage to Sean Burke With Kris Romance (US Weekly exclusive)

"Braunwyn Windham-Burke admitted that finding balance in her marriage with Sean Burke and her new romance with girlfriend Kris can be challenging — and her significant others can “totally” get jealous of each other.
“I’m leaving tonight. I’m gonna go spend the night [with] Kris and that’s hard for Sean,” the 43-year-old told Us Weekly exclusively on Tuesday, January 12, while promoting The Real Housewives of Orange County. “He supports me, but, yeah — that is definitely hard. Kris knows that I’m with my kids a lot, you know, and that’s hard for her because she wants to be with me. It’s a new relationship, you know, but she also knows I have seven kids. I have a husband. She knew what she was getting into. There’s never been any line or anything and so she understands that too.”
She continued, “I think, for me, the most important thing is when I’m with Sean, I’m with Sean. With Kris, I’m with Kris. … [I] give them a hundred percent of me when I’m with them.”
The Bravolebrity also explained how having privacy in both dynamics is important to her. “I still just want to be very cognizant of both relationships and keeping them private because it’s not just like, I know everyone says, ‘It’s all about Braunwyn.’ Well, it’s actually not right now,” she said. “You know, this is me trying to balance the feelings and emotions of two people I really care about. And I think trying to keep some things private is a big part of that.”
Windham-Burke has been married to Burke for more than 20 years. The couple share seven children: Bella, 20, Rowan, 18, Jacob, 15, 7-year-old twins Caden and Curren, Koa, 5, and Hazel, 2. The pair continue to live together, sleeping in separate rooms on different floors of their house.
Aside from dishing on the details of her romantic life, Windham-Burke spoke to Us about the drama unfolding on season 15 of The Real Housewives of Orange County. She particularly addressed her beef with Kelly Dodd, who accused Windham-Burke of faking her sobriety for a story line.
“Every season she has a target. That is her M.O.,” she explained to Us. “Tamra[Judge]’s gone, Vicki [Gunvalson]’s gone. She doesn’t know what to do. … It’s easier to create drama than support [others].”
POTOMAC

• Ashley Darby Explains How Her Pregnancy with Baby No. 2 Differs From When She Was Expecting Dean (Ashley Darby Instagram/Bravo)

“I post a lot about Dean because he really is the apple of our eyes, but I wanted to also give an update as to what’s happening on the side of the pond with my baby in the belly and all that stuff,” she said in a series of January 11 Instagram Stories. “Everything has been going well these last 33 weeks. I have seven more weeks to go until my due date, which is February 28. I have to say that the fatigue is really kicking in now, as well as the breathlessness and the arrhythmia."
"I have arrhythmia anyway, where I would just get these sporadic moments of my heart beating abnormally, but now it happens more consistently and it happens for a longer period of time," Ashley continued. "It actually woke me up last night because I had this arrhythmia for at least 10 seconds, where my heart was doing something really crazy. I know I have extra blood in the body, but it is being accompanied now by a little bit of pain."
Ashley continued by explaining that she has an upcoming doctor’s appointment in which she plans to chat about her experience, adding, “It just is a little worrisome, because I didn’t experience that with Dean.”
“When people say every pregnancy is different, gosh darn, if it’s not true,” she explained. “With Dean, I had excessive swelling, I was even more tired than I am now, but maybe that was also because I didn’t have a toddler to run around after. And I ate a lot more. With this baby, I’m not quite as hungry, and I have longer durations of energy. But yes, this arrhythmia is the big one. But no swelling, OK. I don’t have tree trunks for legs, and it is nice.”
DALLAS

• 4 minute video interview: Meet ‘The Real Housewives of Dallas' Newest Cast Member Dr. Tiffany Moon (Texas Today|NBC5DFW)

Well lads, it looks like Sudan backed militia have decided to attack the oil installations in the Upper Nile district. This is territory bought and paid for with blood and tears, not to mention fair bargaining. That is to say, there is no question that this territory belongs to South Sudan, whatever we think of the current administration. The AO is totally bisected by the White Nile, and a good deal of swampland on both sides - it's impossible to ford and there are no bridges whatsoever. Closest crossings are in Juba and Khartoum, for obvious reasonswe don't believe that they will detour a thousand odd kilometers south to Juba, so they will either be crossing in boats or at Khartoum, and heading south to the region through one of two roads. Neither road is named or paved, and only one of them is seriously functional, which is the road through Renk, the road that follows the river north to the border. The other road is little more than a trail, and is completely inundated with swamp waters in places. It continues east to the border, but it won't be practical to move large numbers of people or vehicles down it. Either way, both roads converge at a small town called Paloich. Paloich is also the location of the main oil facilities and likely to be an important objective for the enemy. There's also an airfield there used by the oil companies to move people and equipment in and out.
Friendlies in Paloich and Malakal - nothing in Malakal, it's a ghost town. Unless the Black Army has forces there, we don't know at this stage. Paloich has a company strength UNMISS garrison, along with whatever PMCs Petrobras and Chevron saw fit to bring in. Otherwise, Renk almost certainly has a Black Army presence, no idea what size or capability.
A paper road is marked, between El Fil and Sudan and Paloich, but it was only a dirt road at it's best and hasn't existed at all since the 1970's. A cursory review of public satellite photos shows that there's nothing there, so any forces coming from that direction will be crossing lightly wooded scrublands rather than a developed road. This should slow them down considerably. As the crow flies, itsabout 200km, but even the old road took 400km, so cross country this trip will take a week, minimum.
Fortunately for us, all of the enemy's most important objectives are on the east side of the river, which is the side our erstwhile allies, the Black Army, most strongly control. This means they absolutely need to deal with either crossing the river in boats, or navigating those two roads. If we can control the river and the roads, we've got the situation under control.
Other than Paloich, there is a large but largely empty town to the south called Malalkal, it's been pretty well abandoned by the locals precisely because of militia groups crossing the river and generally causing havoc. It has a large airport, which will be our main base of operations. There's also Renk, which is a tents-and-mud-huts type arrangement that serves as a last stopover for anyone crossing the border north or south. It has a very small airfield that won't be a priority for us.
The Situation is that a large number of bad guys have crossed the border from Sudan into South Sudan, and look ready to keep moving towards the important bits of the Upper Nile. Word from above is that's not at all OK. We aren't happy with the way South Sudan's current admin have approached life, but what we need to understand here is who the bad guys are. They are the RSF from Sudan, the group that just a week ago were 'officially' disbanded and now are moving as a unified force to attack a neighbour. Who are the RSF? They are a straight up rebrand of the Janjaweed, a militia force responsible for all of the worst rape and slaughter of the Sudanese Civil War. They are utter thugs and criminals. "Janjaweed" literally means "evil comes on horseback". Remember that. These guys are the pale horse in Revelations. And we are going to stop them.
We don't buy the disbandment line, if that were true there's no way they'd enter the Upper Nile in force, with no support in one of the least hospitable places on Earth they'd be fucked. So we believe this is a sizable militia, probably with Sudan's backing, and they are moving across the border, next we expect that they will cross the White Nile and attempt to sieze oil installations and major infrastructure on the east side.
Our Mission is to move up there, secure a major foothold, prevent Janjaweed from gaining a foothold on the east side of the White Nile, and engage and destroy those fuckers as required.
Execution:
First priority is to make those Janjaweed fuckers rethink the decisions that led them to the region. That means getting solid and well-equipped troops into position anywhere they are expecting to take.
I want a full platoon from 30 SF to paradrop in just south of Renk and establish the situation there. If the town has not yet been attacked, link up with the Black Army locals and assist them in setting up defenses. You will be dropping with armoured humvees, so if the town is already overrun, or otherwise too hot, use them to bug out south to Malakal.

Type	Quantity	Notes
1 Platoon, 30th Special Forces battalion	30	Tier one SF
Armoured Humvee	5
C-27J Spartan	3	Battlefield airlifter

We need a larger force to get to Paloich. It's near certain the enemy wants it, and given the airfield, oil processing terminal, critical location at the crossroads and shitload of foreign nationals, we definitely want it. We are going to drop a full company from 20th Parachute Battalion via Y-12 to say hello to local forces and get strongpointing.

Type	Quantity	Notes
A Coy, 20th Parachute Battalion	125	.
Harbin Y-12	10	will land to deploy troops if airfield is serviceable, otherwise paradrop. Either way, will return after deployment.
Milan ATGMS	6	In case of armour
Mistral MANPADS	3	In case of flying things

We need to take Malakal and reinforce Paloich ASAP with highly capable and independent special forces. These will come from the elite 40th Ranger Strike Force, and will constitute 90 soldiers at each location, delivered in one sorty by helicopters. This should lock down the immediate defensive needs of what will be known as FOB Malakal and FOB Paloich.

Type	Quantity	Notes
A Coy, 40th Ranger Strike Force	90	Tier 2 special forces
SA330 Pums	9	will remain in AO except as required for resupply
Bell UH-1H	8	will remain in AO except as required for resupply

As soon as Malakal airport is secured, we will move 6 AT-802L Longswords up to Malakal, especially to run patrols up the White Nile and destroy any boats attempting to cross. They will also be available for urgent battlefield air interdiction that the helos can't provide.
Expectation is that the SF and Para drops will be completed within 6 hours, the Ranger insertion no later than 6 hours later.
Within 24 hours, the 50th Air Cavalry battalion will arrive, again by helicopter, in Malakal. These guys have 35 light utility helicopters, which also act as gunships which can roll with either a pair of M134 miniguns or a four pack of TOW missiles. They can also carry 2-4 soldiers for transport in addition to their weapon load, which is what keeps this battalion so well armed and incredibly mobile - they can drop two platoons and provide air support and anti armour in the very same sorty. They also have four heavy utility Harbin Z-9w helos at their disposal, which are going to be used to bring up critical supplies. 50 Air Cav are going to reinforce Malakal first of all (in the very unlikely event a force worth talking about has managed to drive from Sudan and cross the White Nile by boat) Renk and>!!< Paloich as required, as well as start recce-in-strength of the White Nile and the region east of Paloich, from the air. 50 Air Cav are also going to bring elements of 60 Air Defence with them, to provide organic air defence to both sites.

Type	Quantity	Notes
50th Air Cavalry	600	.
MD-500 Defender	23	will remain in AO, based at Malakal
MD-530F Cayuse Warrior	12	will remain in AO, based at Malakal
60 Air Defense	20	to operate Rapier SAMs
Rapier ADMS	2 launchers, 4 missiles each	one each at Paloich and Malakal

50 Air Cavalry will be able to prevent anyone crossing the White Nile by boat - and again, there is no other way of crossing the White Nile. The narrowest point in the dry season is about 300 meters, so this is literally three football fields to cross, while under fire from the air and the opposite shore, in the very few barges available in the AO. This will keep Malakal, and it's airport and hospital, safe and able to reinforce and resupply our other strongpoints.
Next big challenge is going to be keeping these guys, and UNMISS, and the PMCs supplied. Short term, we can achieve that by running C-27J Spartans back and forward between Malakal and Kenya. It's a 52 hour drive in good conditions between Nairobi and Malakal via Ethiopia, so our troops on the ground won't have to hold out longer than a week, absolute max, before the 11th armoured and 78th tank roll up to end it.

Type	Quantity	Notes
78th tank battalion soldiers	550	.
Vickers Mk3 MBT	62	.
Vickers ARV	5	.
M1A1 Abrams (AIDATS)	10	.
11th Armoured Battalion soldiers	550	mechanised infantry
BRDM-3	60	.

Throughout our mission, the Ethiopians have generously agreed to provide air security, in the form of 32 HAL Tejas light fighters. This should mean we don't have to worry about the other side's MiGs attacking our transports and helicopters, unless they are willing to escalate to all out warfare.
They are also committing to provide CAS with 12 HAL Rudra attack helicopters, and assist with resupply via 5 C-130s.

Type	Quantity	Notes
HAL Tejas	32	Air security
HAL Rudra	12	CAS
C-130	5	transport/airlift

Overall, we just need to hang on to those key locations against a disorganized militia, until Ethiopia's 3rd and 19th divisions mobilise and move through the entire AO, mopping up any Janjaweed who haven't already died or fucked off back across the border.

First off, I would like to establish that I will “review” Closing Door separately. I don’t know just how much of a stand-alone thing the movie is, but I definitely don’t need any more content to cram into an already lengthy post, so this will only cover BGND. With that being said, I cannot stress enough how much better this installment is than any other produced so far. I would go as far to say that this is objectively the best one. At the very least, it’s worth “jumping through hoops” to watch.

Specifics of Watching

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For those who haven’t seen BGND, the #1 thing that pops up as a thought is “It’s the one that’s not on Netflix” (except for those of you lucky enough to live in Japan). Of course, “Netflix” really means “my domestic Netflix,” since the way (I assume) most people watch BGND is by using a VPN. As for how I watched it, let’s just say the only time I used a VPN was with episode 58, which I couldn’t find anywhere. I wanted to not miss an episode so badly that I actually made the effort to find something free and easy to understand, and that’s how I reached VPN Gate. I probably would have continued watching with a VPN if the punctuation on the subtitles wasn’t out of whack. I don’t mean to devalue any of Costco Subs’s honorable work, but I am the type of person whose experience watching something can be degraded greatly by one little detail. To be fair, it could have maybe been just the one episode where the formatting wasn’t perfect, but clicking certain sites after searching something along the lines of “watch Terrace House: Boys × Girls Next Door online free” was undoubtedly easier (with uBlock Origin enabled). As for how long it took to actually finish this 98-episode installment, 2 and a half weeks is pretty accurate, watching 6-7 episodes a day.

What I Noticed: Trends and Differences From Other Installments

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Ranking different general trends that I noticed, the most important (to me) is the fact that the panel comments on the end scene of the episode, which, if I remember correctly, has only happened once in the Netflix-produced series with Hansan’s departure. I never knew that I wanted this in the Netflix-produced iterations until now that I’ve seen it. While ending with a moment that undoubtedly requires no explanation from the panel is fine, them being able to wrap up does offer a certain level of closure to the episodes as well, if that makes sense.
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Secondly: covering two scenes that are connected at the same time. By this, I’m referring to scenes like when Masato asks Rie out on a date to a pancake place, it cuts to Seina and Tecchan sitting at the table remarking that Masato went to the pancake place without them, and then cutting to the date taking place. From what I can recall, the Netflix productions have just been handling one scene at a time without doing any real back-and-forth, or cutting from one related scene to another at most.
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Thirdly: the broadcasts actually revealing pertinent information to the housemates that moves “the story” along, mostly having to do with the fact that there is at most a gap of three weeks from what occurs and the corresponding episode airing, and that’s near the end of BGND’s run; the gap was even smaller earlier on. This kind of dynamic really isn’t present in any other iteration so far, and it sure was interesting, since it made you think “Oh! Are they going to speak up before the episode airs, or will [insert person] have to find out by watching?”
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Fourthly: the ability to see drastic growth in people/changes in their lives, particularly Tecchan, Seina, and Dyki (an alternate spelling of his name used in the Wikipedia, likely by mistake, but actually helps differentiate him from the windsurfer). This is absolutely what sets BGND apart from anything else, what makes it leagues ahead of B&GITC, AS, or OND. Before continuing, I must note that I am very much the type to easily bond with characters in entertainment; that’s important to note, since it’s why I gush so much from here on out. With Dyki, seeing all of the effort that he put into his matches and rooting for him to win only to find out that he has to unequivocally stop doing not only boxing, but any related sports was heartbreaking. We got to see him pick himself up and discover his new path in life. With Tecchan, it was a journey of starting a career path that is actually motivating and consistently realizing that you don’t have the talent, no matter how much you practice and strive to be better (at least according to his empty October schedule; I very much hope things took a turn for the better). While that aspect was quite weighty, the other side of the coin is that he was able to really grow as a person from all of his friendships and efforts in both romance and work, which was clear through his words of wisdom and general ease in talking near the end of the series. With both Dyki and Tecchan, I cried more than I ever have watching entertainment. Both the montages of their moments and “Chasing Cars” playing broke me, but the fact that the series was ending and Tecchan had been there the entire time made my crying spell for him even more intense. I actually had the thought while watching “If they start playing ‘Chasing Cars’ here I’m gonna lose it,” and evidently I did. In either case, it never got to sobbing level, but being on the border of that is saying something for me. Tears aside, Seina somewhat pales in comparison in this category, but she nevertheless grew as a model—compare her weak first audition of her we saw to her audition for Glitter—and didn’t let herself remain a NEET for long, working quite diligently while figuring out what to do next (which ended up being returning to modeling, as we know). The next two expand on topics touched upon here, so…
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Fifthly: montages of housemates when they leave. Not everyone got one, but it adds another layer of sadness to the whole scene of leaving the house, making the audience realize just how much relationships were built up.
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Sixthly: the use of more mainstream, pop songs. While I surprisingly enjoy the indie vibe that the international Netflix releases have, my basic self of course appreciates occasionally jamming out to Taylor Swift, “Titanium,” “Safe And Sound,” “I Love It,” and “Team,” among other songs used, so it was a nice change of pace. Substantially more important, though, is the use of “Chasing Cars”; it’s already a staple of any sad song playlist, so compounding that with an already emotional moment makes for some real tear-jerking scenes, and then from there the song by itself becomes emotion-inducing.
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Seventhly: the formation of the panel. As someone who didn’t begin watching Terrace House with BGND, having everyone but YOU not be a part of the show at the very beginning made me appreciate all of the humor and excitement that the panel adds once it came to fruition, and it also made it clear why YOU and Reina have the mother-daughter-esque bond that they do; they were their own pair before everyone else came in.
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Eighthly: the boys as a group were goofy when Dyki was there, which made for some pretty funny moments, particularly when they all looked at each other with binocular eyes, and impersonated a guitar star. There have been goofballs like Guy, but the boys being goofy as a group at times is something unique to BGND that was somehow a bit charming.
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Ninthly: seeing former members stay relevant in such a way that adds to their “story.” The most notable examples are Masato and Hana; Masato visited frequently and had his “Seina arc,” while Hana also made a number of appearances and had her “Yosuke arc.”

Members

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For some reason I feel the need to at least say something about over half of them, rather than a select few, of course beginning with Tecchan. Adding on to what I’ve already said, I liked him from the very beginning, since I always root for awkward / (seemingly) socially underdeveloped characters. I mean, why wouldn’t you when you fit the bill yourself, right? By the end, he’s still quite cute while being mature and composed in a way that makes him (in my opinion) quite attractive. He really does deserve to have a significant other, and I know there’s definitely someone out there for him who recognizes how great he is.
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Seina is simply iconic. Or should I say, 𝓽 𝓻 𝓮 𝓷 𝓭 𝔂 ? Although her back-and-forth situation with Masato was confusing at first, once I (quickly) understood it was more or less just her style of flirting and screening out bad traits, I was able to enjoy all those moments where she put Masato in his place. In the context of Terrace House, there is not a more fitting adjective than iconic. Her birthday party talk is definitely in the first half of Terrace House’s top 10 moments, easily. She totally gave off strong, independent women vibes, and my liberal brain couldn’t be any more ecstatic. Even in a relationship, she doesn’t lose her signature style. ʕ￫ᴥ￩ʔ
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Momoko’s dream of becoming a full-time writer was interesting to me, as I have been thinking of going down a similar route, in terms of writing articles; I’m not creative enough for narratives as of now.
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Hana’s outgoing personality shined significantly. She just made it a good time when the mood was light, without sacrificing dealing serious blows when she needed (to Oji, Dyki, and Yosuke). It’s more difficult to describe than I thought, but I found her to be a really good person overall.
​
Oji ended up not being too keen on his relationship with Aya, but nevertheless I liked him for his calm disposition, which was actually soothing for me (in a way). I definitely understood why Momoko found him hot in his white coat; there really is just something about that type of professionalism.
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Miwako really pulled on my heartstrings with her special friendship with Dyki. Being rejected twice, but still putting as much effort as a girlfriend would in helping their boyfriend? Precious (ᗒᗨᗕ)! When she revealed that she was a gravure model, my mind immediately went to Mayu, and I was worried it was going to get to that level of obsession. Thankfully, it ended up not being a focal point for the panel, and it definitely wasn’t her defining characteristic.
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Rina was just so goddamn adorable with her voice pitch, height, and style. Definition: kawaii, honestly. That cute charm only worked though because of the fact that she’s a talented and motivated individual who gets along with others; being adorable wasn’t her selling point, but definitely an advantageous one.
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Yosuke was a good guy, but how he handled breaking up with jyA-Me was so wrong. Even just choosing Hana over jyA-Me was the wrong call. In my head, I saw Hana as a potential relationship and jyA-Me as an already established one, so choosing a chance over something already virtually concrete and good just baffled me. The second jyA-Me spoke after being dumped, I started tearing up. Yosuke saying things along the lines of “I want to grow old with you” made everything more troubling than it already was. Needless to say, I sided with Hana when she rejected him. Of course, talking about Yosuke wouldn’t be proper without mentioning how unfortunate it is that he died relatively young. May he rest in peace. ●︿●
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Maimai was a complicated one. She’s rich, but envies those who aren’t and have to work their asses off to earn a living off of music because people refused to help someone well-off. I meant that to be a blunt description; I actually empathized with her, because it at least seemed like discrimination on the basis of wealth (as elitist as that sounds). Now thinking about it, it may have been more of a case of well-off people from the get-go being less likely to comply with “demands” from a record label, not feeling urgency, etc. (Those are probably incorrect theories though.) Of course, wealth doesn’t affect one’s ability to make good music, and passion is enough of a motivating force, so enough about that. Even though she was cute from the very beginning, it was difficult to enjoy her presence initially, with the entire “Is she doing this for attention?” situation. Once that was settled, though, she was generally a good person with expensive tastes, to be expected considering her upbringing. Speaking of that, I totally felt for Tecchan when they were at the fancy restaurant. The way that she swiftly handled the bill was also very telling of her experience dining in such high-class places.
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At first, I was kind of turned off by how quickly Ippei was going after Chie, but once that came to a halt he really showed off his “chill and fun” self; a real pleasure to have around. Such made it especially heartbreaking when you could tell his relationship with his partner was slipping. When Magu wouldn’t shake his hand, it was 25% cringy, 25% confusing, and 50% sad. What a scene that was. In the end, Earth really did step up their material to their existence.
​
It was so pleasing having someone like Frankie around. I really liked her set, straightforward, and composed attitude, since I find people like that to be cool. It’s really hard to explain, but there’s just something about how she worked and dedicated herself strictly to her job(s). For some, I imagine the “make art, not friends” attitude was jarring, but I completely understood it. Of course, it’s different when you’re a middle schooler or high schooler and have that attitude with schoolwork, but nevertheless her ideology very much reminded me of my own back in those days. Thankfully, it phased out in my junior year of high school, but enough about that. Frankie’s boyfriend was really great, expressing his concerns sincerely while remaining supportive and hopeful.
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Ryoko not having any friends was so relatable. It was actually funny seeing everyone surprised and in disbelief by her saying that, since it really is something that just happens and those “in the club” (or in my case, “who have been in the club”) understand perfectly. The only time her lack of social experience showed was when she snapped when Kenya called off any romance between them, and that was genuinely scary. That 180 is engraved in my brain. It was such a feminist moment that I wanted to love, but I was too shook by that 180 to do so. As to why I consider that stemming from a lack of social experience, she made it clear later on that she didn’t know how to react, and I’m sure previous experiences of being let down would’ve warranted a more standard “I see” response. Take that with a grain of salt though. Either way, she’s a case where I’m especially glad her life changed for the better. In a similar vein as Oji, her professionalism had a certain charm to it for me.
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Kenya was hot, but like Hikaru and Noah from B&GITC and OND, he had some major flaws (I was blind to until I read community opinions on him).
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Knowing that Daiki and Seina broke up, I partly watched Daiki trying to see if there was any telltale sign of him spelling trouble, but the fact that I found none makes their breakup even more unfortunate/surprising. He seemed pretty chill, but what happened happened, and Seina’s with the hunk that Noah is, so…

End Note

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Thanks to anyone who read this unintentionally essay-length post. It does make sense though, with the show being 98 episodes long and all. Hopefully the formatting was ok, at the very least. Based on previous experiences, the wording on here may be confusing, so if there’s something you need clarification on, I’ll gladly respond. I’ll most likely watch Closing Door today and have a “review” out soon after. In any case, it’ll be out within 48 hours of this post going up. Here’s an album of screenshots I took for one reason or another: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1yzcnVxf2Pomk0k_eyYdOQ4l_Zi8CMuch. Some I cropped for reaction images, and others that look odd are most likely for memeing purposes. I kept most of the Kenya ones to myself though. ✌️

This guide is mostly for people who never played Gold or Silver back in the days, but there might be some bits of information that even seasoned veterans might find interesting.
With Gold/Silver being re-released for Virtual Console in September, it is time to recall some tips and tricks to make the most out of the games.
1: Should you play Gold or Silver?
There are suprisingly few differences between both games. The only thing worth noting are version exclusives.

• Version Exclusives in Silver: Vulpix, Ninetales, Meowth, Persian, Ledyba, Ledian, Delibird, Skarmory, Phanpy, Donphan
  
• Version Exclusives in Gold: Mankey, Primeape, Growlithe, Arcanine. Spinarak, Ariados, Gligar, Teddiursa, Ursaring, Mantine
  

Notice something? That's right, you can catch both Lugia and Ho-Oh in both games. The difference is that in Silver, you can catch Lugia at Lv.40 before the League and Ho-Oh at Lv .70 after the League and in Gold, you can catch Ho-Oh at Lv.40 before the League and Lugia at Lv.70 after the League. Also, Lugia will know its signature move Aeroblast in Silver only while Ho-Oh will know its signature move Sacred Fire in Gold only. However, if you decide to transfer your legendary to a 7th generation game, you can relearn these moves via move reminder.
Speaking of transferring Pokemon, remember that all Pokemon from Gen 2 will have their Hidden Ability after being transferred. You want that Hidden Ability Gligar to evolve it into Poison Heal Gliscor for your competitive Gen7 team later on? Then it is the Gold Version for you! Also Side Note, you can determine the nature your Pokemon will have after the transfer, it all comes down to the last 2 digits of that Pokemon's experience
Another minor difference is that each Pokemon has a different sprite in the 2 versions. No effect on gameplay, but if you care about this aesthetical aspect, you might check out the sprites of the Pokemon you care about at Bulbapedia.
2: Legendary Pokemon (and how to catch them)
Aside from the already mentioned mascot legendaries, you are also able to catch the 3 legendary beasts Raikou, Entei and Suicune. Since these 3 are roaming around Johto and trying to flee whenever you encounter them, a Pokemon with Mean Look is advisable. I recommend HaunteGengar, because it is available early in the game and also learns Hypnosis, which is just as useful because as soon as you locked the beasts into battle, they will try to roar you away. Jynx is another option as it learns Mean Look and Lovely Kiss, which has a higher accuracy than Hypnosis. But since Jynx is slow, you have to train it to ~ Lv.50 so it can outspeed the dogs. A third option is Parasect, which can't learn Mean Look but learns Spore, the only 100% accuracy sleep-inducing move.
False Swipers (to bring the opposing Pokemon down to 1 HP exactly) exist, but they are few and far between. You can choose between Scyther, Cubone and Farfetch'd. You could also breed Spearow and Paras with False Swipe, but that requires you to catch Scyther or Farfetch'd in the first place, so why go the extra mile? If you insist on having a False Swiper, I'd recommend Scyther as it is available early in the game and learns False Swipe already at Lv.18.
Due to a stupid bug, the status conditions of paralysis, burn and poison increase the catch rate by 0 as opposed to by 5, and since freeze is unreliable, your best bet is to put any Pokemon you want to catch to sleep. It could be that GF will fix this bug in the Virtual Console versions.
3: Interactable Pokemon
Be warned. Gold/Silver are not so kind to respawn interactable Pokemon like the Red Gyarados, they are truly once per game. Don't be a fool like me 15 years ago and kill Sudowoodo just because you think it looks stupid. Whenever you see an interactable Pokemon in the overworld, catch it.
An exception to this rule is Lapras. It appears once every Friday in Union Cave even if you defeat or catch it (so in theory, you can catch as many as you want). However, you need Surf to reach it (you get Surf after the 4th gym). If caught right after the 4th gym, Lapras joins you at a reasonable level and is a great addition to any in-game team still lacking a water type.

• Interactable Pokemon in Johto: Lapras, Sudowoodo, Red Gyarados
  
• Interactable Pokemon in Kanto: Snorlax
  

4: Gift Pokemon
Over the course of the game, you will receive certain gift Pokemon:

• Spearow (KENYA, from guard in Goldenrod City), Eevee (from Bill in Goldenrod City), Togepi (story), Shuckle(story but optional, available in Cianwood City after your rival steals Kirk's Sneasel), Tyrogue (Mt.Mortar)

While most of these are worth picking up (because they are hard or not at all to be found in the wild), most of them are either underleveled or just too weak to become a valuable team member. There is one exception though: Meet KENYA.
KENYA (Spearow) is received from the guard in the southern gate of route 35 (north from Goldenrod City) and holds a mail. You are supposed to deliver KENYA and the mail to the guard's friend on route 31. My advice: Don't do it! Instead, put the mail in your pc, give it to one of your Pokemon you don't need anymore and deliver that Pokemon instead to receive TM50 (Nightmare). KENYA joins you at a reasonable level and its OT is "Randy". This means it counts as trade Pokemon and gains increased experience per battle. Combine that with the fact that normal/flying type Pokemon were a big deal in the first gens and you get a bird that serves you well until late game.
Kirk gives you his Shuckle as he is afraid your rival might steal it just like his Sneasel. He will later ask for Shuckle back. If the player agrees, he will let him/her keep it if it has high friendship; otherwise he will take it back. Before taking it back, he will ask the player to take the Berry Juice held by Shuckie. However, he will accuse the player of stealing if Shuckie is not returned (remember, when was the last time a Pokemon game allowed you to be the bad guy?). The important part though is that Shuckle can convert any berry it holds to Berry Juice after a certain period of time. A myth says that the Berry Juice will be converted to a Rare Candy after an even longer period of time, however, this myth seems to be busted.
Pro tip: If you are going to get Tyrogue in Mt. Mortar, leave 1 free space in your Pokemon team. Also you need Surf and Waterfall and preferably Flash to reach it.
5: In-game trades

• In-game trades in Johto: Onix, Machop, Voltorb, Rhydon,
  
• In-game trades in Kanto: Rapidash, Aerodactyl
  

In-game trades are always a nice thing thanks to the increased experience traded Pokemon receive after a battle. Still, not all of the available trades are a good deal. I can recommend Onix and Machop since the trade material is easy to acquire (Bellsprout, Drowzee) and both Pokemon help you immediately (Onix is good against Falkner's flying types while Machop works wonders against Whitney's Miltank). Aerodactyl's trainer requires a Chansey as trade material and Chansey can only be found at Route 13, 14 and 15 at a 1% encounter rate. Unfortunately, it's the only way to get Aerodactyl in the game, so the choice is up to you.
Voltorb and Rapidash are not really worth it since you can catch Voltorb in the Rocket Headquarters.,Rapidash can be caught at the end of the game at Mt. Silver and Ponyta are all over the place in Kanto. Rhydon is a total rip-off as the trader demands a female Dragonair for it. You'd need the super rod to get a Dragonair, but the super rod is only available in mid Kanto, so you would have to use the good rod to catch a Dratini, train it to Lv.30 and evolve it. Rhydon might be rare, but it's not that valuable (unless it's your favorite and you just need to have it on your team before the E4).
6: Evolution items
First of all, most of the evolution items are only given to you once per game. You might still get additional ones from wild Pokemon who hold these items, but it's a tedious grind. Use them wisely.

• Sun Stone (Gloom -> Bellossom, Sunkern -> Sunflora): 1st Prize of Bug catching contest
  
• King's Rock (Poliwhirl -> trade -> Politoed, Slowpoke -> trade -> Slowking): found at Slowpoke Well (1x), held by wild Slowpoke and Poliwhirl (8%)
  
• Metal Coat (Onix -> trade -> Steelix, Scyther -> trade -> Scizor): found on S.S. Aqua (1x), held by wild Magnemite (8%)
  
• Dragon Scale (Seadra -> trade -> Kingdra): found at Mt. Mortar (1x), Held by wild Horsea, wild Seadra, wild Dratini, and wild Dragonair (8%)
  
• Up-Grade (Porygon -> Trade -> Porygon2): found at Silph Co.
  
• Moon Stone (Nidorino -> Nidoking, Nidorina -> Nidoqueen, Clefairy -> Clefable, Jigglypuff -> Wigglytuff): Tohjo Falls (1x, requires Surf but not waterfall), 5th purchase of mom if you allow her to save your money, Mt. Moon Square (Mondays, requires Rock Smash)
  
• Fire Stone (Vulpix -> Ninetales, Growlithe -> Arcanine, Eevee -> Flareon): Route 25 (from Bill's grandfather, show him Vulpix in Silver or Growlithe in Gold
  
• Thunder Stone (Pikachu -> Raichu, Eevee -> Jolteon): Route 25 (from Bill's grandfather, show him Pichu)
  
• Water Stone (Poliwhirl -> Poliwrath, Shellder -> Cloyster, Staryu -> Starmie, Eevee -> Vaporeon): Route 25 (from Bill's grandfather, show him Staryu)
  
• Leaf Stone (Gloom -> Vileplume, Weepinbell -> Victribel, Exeggcute -> Exeggutor): Route 25 (from Bill's grandfather, show him Oddish)
  

7: TMs
I won't say much about it, but remember that in Gen2, TMs are one time use only, so choose wisely who should receive that Earthquake.
It is also worth noting that the Goldenrod Department store sells the elemental punch TMs. These punches provide good type coverage for many Pokemon (e.g. Thunderpunch for Typhlosion or Ice Punch for Feraligatr).
8: HMs
The HMs in this game are: Flash, Cut, Surf, Strength, Fly, Whirlpool, Waterfall.
I strongly advise against teaching a permanent team member Flash, Waterfall and Whirlpool (not even your HM slave), because you very rarely need any of these HMs. It is smarter to teach those HMs to a Pokemon you normally don't use and take it into your team when needed:

• Whirlpool is required in the Whirl Islands, the Dragon's Den and Route 26 to get SolarBeam
  
• Waterfall is required in Tohjo Falls, Mt. Mortar, and Mt. Silver (I think the Whirl Islands have one but you can get to Lugia without Waterfall. Maybe...It's been a long time, ok?)
  
• Flash is required in Dark Cave, Mt. Silver, and Rock Tunnel
  

Good temporary HM slaves who can learn Flash, Whirlpool and Waterfall all at once are Psyduck, Staryu and Lanturn.
Surf is often needed and a good water attack in general and always better than Waterfall because in Gen 2, all water attacks are special and Surf does more damage than Waterfall.
Fly and Strength are not the best attacks, but in-game wise, they are good enough to have them permanently on your team.
Cut is horrible, but taking a Pokemon out of the box whenever you encounter a tree is a pain. I'd say just teach it one of your Pokemon and pretend that Cut is as badass as it sounds.
9: Type-enhancing items
Each day of the week, you will find one of the week siblings at a certain place in Johto. They will give you an item that boosts attacks of a certain type by 10% when held. The locations are:

• Monday: Route 40 - Sharp Beak (Flying+)
  
• Tuesday: Route 29 - Pink Bow (Normal+)
  
• Wednesday: Lake of Rage - Black Belt (Fighting+)
  
• Thursday: Route 36 - Hard Stone (Rock+)
  
• Friday: Route 32 - Poison Barb (Poison+)
  
• Saturday: Blackthorn City - Spell Tag (Ghost+)
  
• Sunday: Route 37 - Magnet (Electro+)
  

Other type enhancers are:

• Black Glasses (Dark+) found in Dark Cave (Shady guy)
  
• Charcoal (Fire+), found in Azalea Town (Charcoal Maker)
  
• Dragon Fang (Dragon+), found in Dragon's Den (does not work)
  
• Miracle Seed (Grass+), found on Route 32
  
• Mystic Water (Water+), found in Cherrygrove City (needs Surf)
  
• NeverMelt Ice (Ice+), found in Ice Path
  
• Polkadot Bow (Normal+), held by Jigglypuff when traded from Gen I to Gen II
  
• Silver Powder (Bug+), held by wild Butterfree (8%)
  
• Soft Sand (Ground+), found on route 34 (Cooltrainer Kate, needs surf to reach)
  
• Twisted Spoon (Psychic+), held by Kadabra traded from Pokemon Yellow
  
• Metal Coat (Steel+), found on S.S. Aqua
  

Note: Due to a bug, Dragon Fang does not increase the strength of Dragon type moves. Instead, Dragon Scale does! Dragon Scale can be found at Mt. Mortar and its original purpose is to evolve Seadra to Kingdra via trade. It's possible that GF will fix this bug in the versions for Virtual Console
10: Other items you shouldn't miss

• Amulet Coin (found in the Goldenrod Department Store basement): If a Pokémon that is holding Amulet Coin is sent into a Trainer battle, the money earned from the battle is doubled. Should be acquired as fast as possible and used as much as possible because making money was not as easy back then as it is in Sun&Moon.
  
• Exp Share (Route 30, from Mr. Pokémon in exchange for Red Scale): When held by a Pokémon, allows it to earn half the EXP gained from defeating a Pokémon, regardless of whether it was used in battle or not. Comes pretty late because you only get the Red Scale after capturing/defeating Red Gyarados. Still good to train your weaker Pokemon.
  
• Leftovers (found in the Celadon City Restaurant in a trash can): When this item is held, at the end of every turn, the holder regains 1/16th of their maximum HP. You just know you are playing a classic Pokemon game when you check the trash cans and actually find something.
  
• Quick Claw (given at the National Park from the woman at Park entrance): Gives the holder a ~23% chance of going first in its priority bracket. I know it's luck based, but for in-game purposes, it's decent.
  
• Smoke Ball (Goldenrod Tunnel): If this item is held by a Pokémon and you try to run away, you will be guaranteed to run. Good if you find yourself in a dungeon full of strong and fast Pokemon. Also, was I the only child who first thought this was some special Poke Ball?
  

11: Apricorn Balls
Apricorn Balls were introduced in Gen 2 and provide you with special bonuses when trying to catch Pokemon. You get them by giving Kurt in Azalea Town an Apricorn berry and it will take him 24 hours to turn it into a ball. Unfortunately, many of the Apricorn Balls had horrible bugs in the original games, rendering them useless. So unless GF fixes those bugs, be aware of the following:

• The Love Ball (Pink Apricorn,found on Route 42) was supposed to have a catch rate of 8x when used on a Pokemon of the other gender, but it only gains a catch rate of 8× on Pokémon of the same gender and species as the player's Pokémon.
  
• The Moon Ball (Yellow Apricorn, found on Route 42) was supposed to multiply the catch rate by 4 on Pokémon that evolve with Moon Stone but instead does this on Pokémon that evolve with Burn Heal. Consequently, Moon Ball does not have any additional effect and always acts like a Poké Ball.
  
• The Fast Ball (White Apricorn, found in Azalea Town) was supposed to quadruple the catch rate against all wild Pokémon that can flee, but due to a bug, it only does this for Magnemite, Grimer, and Tangela.
  
• The Level Ball (Red Apricorn, found on Route 37) works as intended: Catch rate is 1× if the player's Pokémon is the same level as or a lower level than the wild Pokémon, 2× if the player's Pokémon is at a higher level than the wild Pokémon but less than double it, 4× if the player's Pokémon is more than double but less than four times the level of the wild Pokémon, 8× if the player's Pokémon is of a level four times or more than that of the wild Pokémon
  
• The Lure Ball (Blue Apricorn, found on Route 37) works as intended: The Catch Rate is 3x if used on a Pokémon encountered while fishing
  
• The Friend Ball (Green Apricorn, found on Route 42) works as intended: Has a catch rate of only 1x but sets caught Pokémon's friendship to 200 immediately. (By the way, the only 2 Pokemon that make good targets for this ball are Chansey and Zubat/Golbat, as they are the only Pokemon evolving through achieving maximum friendship of 255 that can be caught in the wild).
  
• The Heavy Ball (Black Apricorn, found on Route 37) works as intended: Catch rate of -20 if used on Pokémon weighing less than 225.8 lbs, no modifier if used on Pokémon weighing between 225.8 lbs and 451.5 lbs, +20 if used on Pokémon weighing between 451.5 lbs and 677.3 lbs, +30 if used on Pokémon weighing more than 677.3 lbs. It's a bit tricky to determine when a Heavy Ball makes more sense than an Ultra Ball, but according to this site, the only 2 Pokemon a Heavy Ball should be used on are Lugia and Snorlax.
  

For comparison, the catch rate for a standard Ultra Ball is 2x.
12: The Bug-Catching Contest
A competition held every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday in Johto's National Park. No entry fee. The goal is to catch the best Bug-type Pokemon. You have 20 Park Balls at your disposal and you can only use one Pokemon from your team to weaken your targets. The contest ends when all Park Balls are used, you black out, leave the park, or 20 minutes have passed. The score earned for your Bug-type Pokemon is the sum of the following:

• 4 times the max HP of the Pokémon
  
• The sum of the Pokémon's other stats
  
• Up to 29 points based on the Pokémon's individual values:
  
• 16 points if the Defense IV is odd, 0 otherwise
  
• 8 points if the Attack IV is odd, 0 otherwise
  
• 4 points if the Special IV is odd, 0 otherwise
  
• 1 point if the Speed IV is odd, 0 otherwise
  
• 1/8 of the current HP of the Pokémon, rounded down
  
• 1 point if the Pokémon is holding an item, 0 otherwise
  

Since you can't influence the IVs, it is advisable to go for the Pokemon with the highest base stat. For this contest, this would be Scyther and Pinsir. Out of these 2, Scyther gains the upper hand because its HP stat is slightly higher than Pinsir's. Overall, the best Pokemon you could catch in this contest is a Lv.14 Scyther with full HP (try to put it asleep instead of attacking it).
Prizes are:

• 1st: Sun Stone (Evolution item)
  
• 2nd: Everstone (Evolution stopper)
  
• 3rd: Gold Berry (If the holder's HP falls below 50%, it will consume its held Gold Berry and restore 30 HP)
  
• Consolation Prize: Berry
  

13: Time Capsule
A quick statement about the time capsule. Yes, you can use it to trade between Gen 1 and Gen 2.
However, you cannot trade a new Pokemon from Gen 2 to Gen 1 for obvious reasons.
You also cannot trade a Pokemon from Gen 2 to Gen1 that either knows a move that didn't exist in Gen 1 or holds an item that didn't exist in Gen 1 (so you can't evolve a Scyther into Scizor by giving it Metal Coat, trading it to Gen 1 and then trading it back).
Eggs are not allowed either.
However, you can send a Pokemon from Gen 2 to Gen 1 that knows a move that exists in Gen 1 but could not be learned by said Pokemon in Gen 1.
Pokemon that are sent from Gen 1 to Gen 2 are guaranteed to hold an item. Which Pokemon holds which item can be seen here: https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/List_of_Pok%C3%A9mon_by_wild_held_item_(Generation_II)
This is the only way to get certain items in Gen 2, for example the Twisted Spoon, only held by Kadabra traded from Pokemon Yellow.
14: Mother's savings
You can allow your mother to save money for you. If you do so, 25% of the money you earn from each battle automatically goes to your mother. She will then proceed to buy certain stuff, be it healing items or decoration for your room. I recommend enabling this feature from the beginning because her 5th purchase is a Moon Stone, and these are rare, especially early in the game.
15: The Phone
The phone in your Pokegear can store up to 10 numbers. 2 of them are always taken by your mother and Prof. Elm. Some trainers will try to give you their number and sometimes call you to either inform you about a swarm or call you for a rematch. I find the former option to be much more useful. You gain nothing from rematches that you don't gain from battling the E4 over and over again. The E4 give you more money and their Pokemon have higher levels. Swarm Pokemon on the other hand are very rare outside of swarms, giving those NPCs at least some importance.

• Hiker Anthony: Route 32 - Calls to tell you when Dunsparce is available
  
• Fisher Ralph: Route 32 - Calls to tell you when Qwilfish is available
  
• Bug Catcher Arnie: Route 35 - Calls to tell you when Yanma is available
  
• Fisher Wilton: Route 44 - Calls to tell you when Remoraid is available
  
• Schoolboy Chad: Route 38 - Calls to tell you when Snubbull is available
  
• Lass Dana: Route 38 - Calls to tell you when Tauros is available
  
• Hiker Parry: Route 45 - Calls to tell you when Marill is available
  

Another useful number is Bill's (Goldenrod City). He will call you whenever a PC Box is about to be filled. Back in the days, not changing your box was kind of a horrible situation. Nothing's worse than traveling all the way to Lugia and weaken it, only to hear that the goddamn box is full.
16: Headbutt
Not sure if it was just me, but I completely overlooked this mechanic 15 years ago. The concept is simple: Interact with a special kind of tree while having a Pokemon with the move Headbutt in your team, and with some luck, you will engage in a battle. This is the only way to encounter certain Pokemon (for example Pineco, or the popular Heracross). If done at a certain time of the day, there's a chance that the encountered Pokemon is asleep from the start of the battle, making catching it all the more easier.
17: Game Corner
After you get the Coin Case from the Goldenrod Underground, you can try your luck at the Goldenrod Game Corner (or just buy 50 or 500 coins for 1000P or 10,000P respectively). Here are the prizes:
TMs:

• Fire Blast, Blizzard, Thunder for 5500 coins each. Strong, but inaccurate. I don't think this is necessary for the initial playthrough.

Pokemon:

• Abra for 200 coins (cheap but you can catch it for free before you reach Goldenrod City)
  
• Ekans for 700 coins in Gold (the only way to get Ekans in Gold)
  
• Sandshrew for 700 coins in Silver (the only way to get Sandshrew in Silver)
  
• Dratini for 2100 coins (I know you guys want to have a Dragonite in your team, but this one requires patience. Dratini comes at LV 10 so to not be underleveled, you have to get it right away when you arrive in Goldenrod. You also won't have enough money to buy coins, so you have to gamble. If I had to take a guess, I would say that the card flip game has better odds of winning than the slot machine, which is purely luck based. However, so far I haven't found any way to "rig" the system and to reliably win more than I lose. Anyway, even if you manage to get Dratini, its experience growth is abysmally slow, you most likely won't get your Dragonite before Lance and be stuck with the mediocre Dratini and Dragonair for the most part of your Johto journey. You have been warned.)
  

Prizes in the Celadon Game Corner:
TMs:

• Double Team for 1500 coins (I wonder how you could lose your friends faster, using Double Team against them or shooting them with the blue shell in Mario Kart)
  
• Psychic for 3500 coins (one of the best attacks, but don't forget you already get Psychic once from Mr.Psychic in Saffron City)
  
• Hyper Beam for 7500 coins (Hyper Beam is not what it used to be in Gen1. Now the user has to recharge in any case, even if Hyper Beam defeated the opposing Pokemon. Usually Body Slam, Return or Double-Edge are better alternatives)
  

Pokemon:

• Mr. Mime for 3333 Coins (Why would you do this when Mr. Mime can be caught at Route 21?)
  
• Eevee for 6666 Coins (Why would you do this when you can just breed the Eevee you got from Bill in Goldenrod City?)
  
• Porygon for 9999 Coins (Why would you do that? Well, because you have to, if you want a Porygon. It's the only way in the game to get one)
  

Regarding the gambling, I mentioned that I haven't found a way to win more coins than I lose in the long term, but other people apparently had more success. Here are 2 bits I found on the internet:

The player edge in the card-flip game if all bets are made on a single card is 34.55%, about 4% higher than in Roulette. It can be mathematically proven that there is no better system than placing all bets on a single card.
The card flip game is the one to play, because the odds are actually in your favor. This is because the deck is only shuffled after twelve flips of the 24-card deck, meaning your odds continue to improve right up until the twelfth card. Just make sure every bet you place only covers cards that have not turned up yet, and always play all twelve flips so you take advantage of the better odds. It may take a while, but in the long run you will win more than you lose.

Maybe some of you have more knowledge in gambling and can tell me which of these texts is right and whether there really is a way to be a winner in the game corner.
18: Badge Boosts
In Gen 1-3, acquired badges often gave you a stat boost. For Gen 2, the stat boosts are the following:

• Zephyr Badge (1st Gym) boosts Attack
  
• Plain Badge (3rd Gym) boosts Speed
  
• Mineral Badge (6th Gym) boosts defense
  
• Glacier Badge (7th Gym) boosts Special Attack and Special Defense
  

Stat or stats are increased by 12.5%, meaning the stats corresponding to those badges you do have will actually be 12.5% higher in battle than the stats you see on your Pokémon's summary screen. To be precise, the boosts don't really increase the stats but act as a stat modifier during battle. This boosts are applied in all internal battles, but not link battles. Furthermore, due to a bug, if the attack is a critical hit and the attacker's used offensive stat stage is less than or equal to the opponent's defensive stat stage, all Badge boosts are ignored.
There is a second type of badge boost: Type boosts.
In Generation II, every Badge boosts the power of the moves of a certain type by 12.5%. The type strengthened matches the type theme of the Gym (for example, Zephyr Badge boosts the Flying-type). These boosts work similarly to the way same-type attack bonus (STAB) boosts work, and are calculated in-between weather modifiers and STAB. Just like stat boosts, type boosts are not applied in link battles. Since there is no Dark-type gym in Gold and Silver, Dark-type moves are the only moves that don't benefit from this boost.
19: Effort Values (EVs)
The EV cap of 510 does not exist in Gen 2. It is possible to max out a Pokemon's EV for every stat. EVs are set to zero whenever a Pokemon is transferred to Gen VII or Pokebank. Instead of EV points, the game uses EV bytes. After each battle, the base stats of the defeated Pokemon are converted into bytes and added to each EV. Each stat's EV can have a maximum of 65535 EV bytes.

• Example: Mew has a base stat of 100 for each stat. Defeating it would mean that each EV of your Pokemon would gain 100 EV bytes. Therefore, defeating 656 Mews would result in maximum EVs for each of your Pokemon's stats.

20. No Physical/Special-split
Starting with Gen IV, the game decided for each attack separately whether it is special or physical. This is not the case in Gen 2. Whether an attack is physical or special depends on the type of the attack.

• Physical attacks (which use attacker's Attack stat and defender's Defense stat to calculate damage): Normal, Fighting, Flying, Ground, Rock, Bug, Ghost, Poison, Steel
  
• Special attacks (which use the attacker's Special Attack stat and the defender's Special Defense stat to calculate damage): Water, Grass, Fire, Ice, Electric, Psychic, Dragon, Dark
  

Bonus
Ness_64 found a way to make encountering Chansey easier and to acquire Lucky Eggs:

For those with patience, here's something to help with level grinding after you get to Kanto. It's basically how to use the repel trick to get Lucky Eggs. You need:

• The Thief TM. There are no pokémon who learn Thief naturally in Gen II, you need to use the TM. You get it at the Rocket Hideout.
  
• A low-level compatible pokémon.
  
• The Cut HM.
  
• A few repels. Technically just 1 will do, but bring more just in case.
  

Once you get all of these, let's go:
1) Teach Thief to some low-level pokémon in your party and level it to 27-28, no more than that. It's strongly recommended to use it on a male pokémon.
2) Go to Kanto's Route 14 during the day (before 6PM).
3) Put the Thief pokémon as your lead.
4) Go to the tall grass on the north side of the route (you need Cut to get there) and use the repel.
5) Spin around in place with the D-Pad until you get an encounter. It may take some time, but it will happen. As long as you don't move, the repel will never wear off.
6) A wild Chansey appeared! Use Thief on her.
7) If she had a Lucky Egg, congratulations, defeat it and you'll keep it. Else, run away and repeat steps 5 and 6. Chansey carries a Lucky Egg 8% of the time, so this may take a while. I'm not sure if you keep the stolen item if you run away (I guess you do), but you definitely keep it if you defeat the Chansey. The problem is you might accidentally level up from defeating one (it doesn't help the Lucky Egg will boost her exp...).
You can repeat this as many times as you want, but just 1 will take some time. If your Thief pokémon overlevels to 29, you won't be able to find Chansey this way anymore. In that case, take it to the Move Deleter in Blackthorn City, delete everything but Thief (to ensure the move won't get replaced) and breed another one using it as the father.
You can also catch the Chansey and trade it for an Aerodactyl with a NPC on this route. This is the only way to get one in the games!
As I said earlier, you can also do this in Crystal, though there are a few differences. They added Hoppip to the mix and Chansey got a lot rarer due to that (around 9%). I also think it had to be somewhere else and with a slightly lower lead level, but it's been a while since I last played, so I may edit this later.

Internet wagering is at present legitimate in practically all over India. These wagering destinations offer an assortment of sports to draw in players of India to exploit a few extraordinary offers and great returns. Wagering is progressively respected in India. With an ever increasing number of internet wagering destinations hoping to take advantage of the gainful Indian market, it very well may be trying to pick between them. We should investigate how to locate the best wagering destinations.
1-Betway
Betway is one of the most well known destinations. Betway is offering a thorough and monstrous scope of sports and markets. Additionally, their advancements and prizes for existing client continue moving week to week. They don't stop here. Betway incorporates probably the most exciting gambling club games, and they offer top quality rewards and store strategies which suits you.
2-Guts
The guts site is reasonable for live wagering. Guts begin working in 2013, and it was at first planned towards gambling club and gaming. In any case, inside a year they propelled their online sportsbook for clients. Guts sportsbook was fundamentally about football. Yet, presently they are offering a lot of significant games like football, tennis and cricket. You can guarantee their welcome reward by experiencing the prize area, and you can likewise recover your cash a sportsbook reward.
3-Ladbrokes
Ladbrokes is one of the notable high road name from British wagering history. They began their tasks in 18 century and their organizer Harry Ogden is perceived at the UK's first expert bookmaker. They began their web based wagering in 2000. You can get extraordinary North America sports inclusion alongside everything from Aussies Rules to Chess, Golf, MMA, Volleyball and pretty much everything in the middle of, just as pony dashing.
4-Moplay
Moplay is an online bookmaker which is concentrating on the portable parts of betting. Moplay started working in 2018. Pre-organize markets were in abundance additionally in examining around at different games like football, tennis and cricket. They do offer moment money out on sure decisions.
5-Boylesports
Boylesports is one of the solid free bookmaker brand subsidized in 1989 in Ireland. They have a major web business just as web based wagering administration. The edge is to some degree higher on soccer, around 6% yet the rest of the sportsbook is trading with a great deal of lower betting edge, particularly tennis which is essentially roughly 3.1%.
6-Sportingbet
Sportingbet started working in 1998. They have presented their administrations across 26 nations around the world. Sportingbet is clear in working since they are offering straight forward wagering administration for their clients.
7-Fortuna
It is an online bookmaker that underpins client showcase from India. This bookmaker permits secure route framework for better client experience for its clients. This site is an enrolled one, so it is ok for bettors to play their chances helpfully. They offer an assortment of choices like live wagering, club games betting and chances wagering. In any case, the new clients are given with 100% reward on making their first store.
8-William Hill
It is a notable brand far and wide. William slope was established in 1934. They have a fabulous inclusion of live football matches and different games. Their bet slip is splendid as well, allowing you full usefulness in controlling your wagering alternatives. You can make installment and withdrawal through various techniques.
9-Betvictor
Betvictor began its capacities during the 1940s. Through quality organizations, they have grown an enormous nearness in the online business. Betvictor isn't constrained to sports wagering, and they are likewise running some non-sports markets. They have entirely broad sportsbook which incorporates rugby, snooker, volleyball, cricket and darts.
10-22bet
22bet was set up in2017. Their sportsbook is an incredible fascination towards clients. Football, cricket, golf and tennis are the principle zones to take a gander at. 22bet is exceptionally liberal when discussing welcome rewards. Their clients must be 18+ to enroll themselves.
11-Paddy Power
Paddy Power is one of the most famous brands which is perceived all around the globe. They began their administrations in 1988 when three Irish bookmakers met up. There is a gigantic mean acknowledge in the Paddy Power sportsbook.
12-Unibet
Unibet is one of the well known brands in Europe and India. It was established in 1997. Their sportsbook spread tennis, football, b-ball just as chess, futsal, floor ball, bandy and surfing. They likewise offer a cash back reward for new clients. They offer a gigantic scope of wagering markets.
Unibet is probably the most seasoned game bookmaker around the world, set up in 1997, serving a large number of web based wagering account holders. It is notable all over Europe for its superb games wagering, online gambling club and poker stages.
13-Betfred
Betfred is a British bookmaker. They offer their administrations for India also. Betting power licenses them. The Betfred Empire starts working in 1967. They are offering a noteworthy edge on football wagering. You can either utilize their versatile application or site to make the most of their administrations.
14-888sport
It is an European based wagering stage which acknowledges the clients of India also. It is one of the perceived brands in odd markets. They are covering numerous games like rugby, soccer, cricket, tennis, horse dashing golf, boxing cycling and numerous others. You can make the most of their liberal invite offers.
15-Coral
When discussing Indian bookmakers, Coral is among the primary names you can consider. Coral was established during the 1920s, and it is one of the most well known brands when talking about excellent items and offers. They show top European nearby soccer with stunning highlights. Numerous different games have been presented, including football classes.
16-Royal Panda
Illustrious Panda is a worldwide stage which is offering their administrations all around India. They are advancing on the web gambling clubs, not the sportsbook. You can utilize their versatile application and site to make the most of their inventive rewards. It is one of the strictest betting locales. They are offering a wide scope of wagering markets. They are covering circuitous 40 games and a lot of classes.
17-Smarkets
Smarkets is an online stage which was established by a little gathering of speculator. They are acclaimed for their propelled exchanging stage and 25th quickest developed organization in Europe. Smarkets is exceptionally simple to utilize. They are sans offering wagers for their new clients and welcome rewards. Their essential center is noteworthy games like football tennis, golf, baseball and cricket.
18-Leovegas
It gives a gigantic portable wagering experience. Leovegas assumes an indispensable job in Indian wagering site. As we enter the landing page of Leovegas India, the primary thing we see slider is a slider in the focal point of the screen, publicizing for the most well known games and advancements here on Leovegas. Leovegas offers a clean and userfriendly stage.
19-10cric
As an ever increasing number of wagering locales are beginning to focus on the imperative Indian market, it is turning into somewhat hard for players to choose which spot is most appropriate for them. One of the most common issues is by all accounts how to get to these sites
20-Bet365
Bet365 is celebrated for being one of the greatest and best-wagering locales on the planet. Be that as it may, what makes Bet365 great? That response to this inquiry is that Bet365 has taken the internet wagering industry to an uncommon new level. They give the best betting involvement with all territories. They have the most gigantic assortment of gambling club games and sports wagering. They offer the best portable wagering experience, the best reward on wagering and simply the most amazing live betting experience generally.
Be that as it may, the point which makes Bet365 the world's greatest wagering site is the notoriety for unwavering quality that they have worked for themselves in years. Bet365 is a wagering site you can trust. They generally pay what they owe, and they put incredible significance on their notoriety is the thing that makes Bet365 a genuinely extraordinary bookmaker.
21-Sportsbet.io
Sportsbet.io is a worldwide games wagering organization that was established by individuals with an energy for sports. When you enter the site of Sportsbet.io, you get the inclination that this whole site is committed to sports wagering. It doesn't have the equivalent lavish impression that you jump on an old wagering site like Unibet or Betway. It's more Spartan and old school.
Then again, this isn't really an awful thing. They don't attempt to push ads or advancements at all of you an opportunity to achieve client's consideration. It's an entirely reliable spot for individuals who simply need to put down wagers and not need to stress over something over the top.
22-Bodog
Bodog is an old wagering bookmaker really among the most seasoned on the planet which has as of late opened up and began tolerating Indians players.
They have set up the procedure of the wagering site principally to serve bettors from India, where they endeavor an assortment of live cricket wagering alternatives, give helpful choices of storing cash and permit Indian money.
On the off chance that you appreciate sports wagering and club games or poker sitting, at that point you will in all likelihood appreciate Bodog India.
Bodog begins from Europe, yet it has an Indian site that is customized to suit the flavor of Indian players. Consequently it is of nothing unexpected to discover that the Bodog India Sports wagering is wealthy in cricket wagering.
The sportsbook incorporates all the noteworthy universal cricket competitions and arrangement, just as the well known classes like the Indian Premier League and the huge slam group Australia.
23-1XBET
1XBET Bookmaker is a youthful and quickly developing wagering site. Established in 2007, earlier it worked distinctly in the region, with more than 1,000 wagering bookmakers in Russia, and later started the experience in the online market. 1XBET is viewed as the main global bookmaker, in India the genuine speculators know it for quite a while in light of the fact that he underpins Indian rupee (INR) and has a Hindi language Version.
1XBET is mainstream for Indian expert punters, yet before long will be known in each edge of India, for the straightforward reasons that its installments segment is adjustable. So you can pick INDIA (from the rundown of nations) and see the techniques for stores and pulls back are accessible, obviously, don't missing Neteller and skrill all simple and clear.
24-BET WINNER
On the off chance that you are searching for a bookmaker that gives the best chances on the most famous games, the Betwinner might be the wagering site you are searching for.
Wager victor is a moderately new wagering site, however they have just become famous as the spot to be with regards to finding the best chances.
Wager victor is a moderately ongoing theorist that start its tasks in 2016 in the wake of accomplishing an administration permit from (Curaçao eGaming) for working on the web. Betb2b.com fabricated this site, and it is a similar program that is adding to 1xBET (acclaimed administrator of Russia) since 2007.
25-COME ON
Regardless of whether it is their online club activity or their games extend, COMEON India perseveres freely from others, through their broad inclusion and activities. They spread 29 classes of sports and offer a few other elective markets. This sportsbook underpins practically all standard installment designs and gives an incredible reward to new clients.
When you join as a part, you get an invite reward, and you can pick the alternative for the prize that you like. You can store cash once you sign in to your record by essentially tapping on the decision of store. ComeOn India offers the accompanying choices to store your cash
MasterCard
Visa Card
Paysafe Card
Skrill
Neteller
MuchBetter and the sky is the limit from there
26-Pinnacle
This is something we appreciate prescribe when you are simply beginning on another game. Start by playing for no particular reason, and once you've seen that you can bring in cash at this game, at that point toss in some genuine and unique rupees.
Genuine wagering is a zenith with brilliant highlights and extraordinary advancements
At Pinnacle, we know about definitely what Indian players search for in an amazing on the web gambling club. That is the reason we've accumulated a breathtaking mix of the most reliable online gambling club clubs around. Additionally, determinations of incredible table games don't stop there and make your life agreeable and simple we likewise offer a colossal assortment of store strategies for Indians gambling club players.
27-MELBet
Our consideration is currently redirected to the focal point of the screen where we see an advancement slider. It is where Unibet features all the present advancements that they are running. They are very brave advancements going on, which we will investigate later. One thing we notice is that all the costs are named in euros.
Beside the live wagering segment, we notice a catch named "supertoto'", and we choose to look at it. It ends up being another uncommon capacity, which is truly remarkable when contrasted with Unibet. Supertoto is a basic method to put down a wager on sports. The objective is to wagered on the result of whatever number matches as could be expected under the circumstances. You can wager on a success, lose or draw.
28-Matchbook
Matchbook offers a total sportsbook with in excess of 40 distinct games classifications to bet on, including cricket, football, tennis, horse dashing and practically all the famous games, just as e-sports, expert wrestling and different less normal games. You have a decision of live wagering on each live match that is occurring right now, and numerous competitions can even be live-spilled with liberated from cost office. The main standard is that you include put down a wager inside the most recent 24 hours. That gives you full access to the live spilling capacity.
29-Betfair
Betfair is one of the world's biggest global online games wagering specialist co-ops. Betfair has more than 2,000 utilizes around the world. Betfair holds betting permit in Malta, Gibraltar Italy, Tasmania and the United States. Betfair is promising in conveying exclusive expectations of respectability and has ensured more than 40 Memoranda of Understanding with the administering groups of sports.
Betfair is the most significant wagering bookmaker on the planet, offering a wide scope of wagering items including exotics wagering markets and extraordinary games, huge poker networks, arcade games and a gambling club.
30-Dafabet
Something that make Dafabet one of a kind is that they were made to serve the Asian market. All things considered, we can see that they are doing a great deal to interest Asian players, and particularly Indian players. For instance, we realize that they acknowledge Indian cash stores. They additionally offer loads of well known Indian games, for example, cricket, tennis and kabaddi. As an Indian player, it is pleasant to feel like you are esteemed as a client. There is likewise a lot of European games and well known Asian games and gambling club games accessible.
31-Rizk
It is an energizing and one of a kind internet betting webpage having a place with the European island naming Malta. The site is special it might be said that it depends on a superhuman topic which is an uncommon thing we have seen on some other wagering site previously. This current bookmaker's appeal is a hero naming Captain Rizk, and his topic can be discovered everywhere throughout the site.
32-Meridian BET
Meridian Bet is a main worldwide supplier of on the web and land-based games wagering arrangements with 700+ wagering shops in 35 nations around four landmasses? Their most noteworthy accomplishment is the steady income development pace of 20% over the most recent three years. They likewise offer an every minute of every day client assistance by means of live talk, telephone, email or informal community.
33-SBOBET
Inside an incredibly solemn methodology towards security and visitor administration, SBOBET is a main web based gaming brand. They have won the Asian Operator of the year grant for 2009-10. SBOBET offers you a quick and secure player condition with prompt winning outcomes, fast installments and simple access to nonstop web based wagering.
34-Winamax
This webpage is among the world's biggest online poker rooms and sports wagering destinations offering phenomenal chances to its players. Its immense number of enlisted genuine cash players has surpassed 3,000,000. This site gives dependable gaming instruments to make poker protected and a good time for the players.
35-5DIMES
This site is known to be the highest quality level in internet gaming. It offers on the web and via telephone wagers for open parlays. Owning the business for over 15 years adds to unwavering quality. This site gives the player's cashback rewards, diminished juice wagers, free play remunerates and significantly more.
36-ADJARABET
Situated in Georgia, this organization is the main site in the nation. Players can play gambling club games on the web or entertain themselves with sports wagering at this bookmaker website.
37-Planetwin365
Planetwin365 is Europe's quickest developing wagering and gaming administrators. This site is working with a large number of subsidiary accomplices over the world. More than one million wagers are handled day by day, and it additionally supplies in excess of 1300 retail outlets. The brand planetwin 365 is claimed by the SKS365 gathering of organizations which holds online licenses alongside land-based licenses from seven nations in Europe.
38-Red Sport
Red game is a worldwide games betting organization. It started to include in sports sponsorship in 2010. This organization is among the first non-US online games wagering organizations working in the United States. It is additionally an individual from ESSA, which is the European wagering uprightness body.
39-Cloud wager
Cloud wager directs the wagering business through a chain of authorized shops that are situated in Ireland and the UK. It offers online games wagering, online club and poker, online bingo and numerous other web based games.
40-POKER SPORTS
Once in the past known as Party Bets, is presently possessed by one of the biggest poker locales on the net, Party Poker. Authorized from both Gibraltar and UK, the site offers a wide scope of sports and great client care. To stall out in, the site gives a broad scope of games. Customers are very much provided food for, and every single significant game occasions are secured. Football is the most mainstream and secured sport by a wide margin, as the site is an European confronting bookmaker.
41-SPORTSPESA
Sportspesa, a games news innovation, was established in 2014, offering web based games and lotteries. It is a games news innovation with around 500 workers and has put resources into the advancement of the nearby games groups and competitions in Tanzania and Kenya. It works in relationship with TGP in the UK.
42-NOVIBET
Claimed by Logflex MT constrained, NOVIBET.com is a completely enlisted web based betting site. Playing with Novibet isn't simply fun however is sheltered and secure on the grounds that it holds licenses from MGA, which make the site obliged to keep all customers assets in trust accounts. The site offers a dependable gaming strategy and is focused on limiting the unfavorable impacts of issue betting and is resolved to advance positive betting practices.
43-BETPAWA
Offering different sorts of bettings on numerous games from over the world, BETPAWA is the most present day and quick wagering site in Zambia. This site is a creative bookmaker that offers the most reduced value wagers. It leads a wide assortment of pre-coordinate and in-play wagers on football alongside different games like b-ball, tennis and so on. You can choose from an immense scope of wagers on the site and can likewise decide on live wagering.
44-MISLI
As a piece of Fold gadgets gaming and distributing, MISLI was established in 2009. This site is situated in Istanbul. MISLI is a participation based site which offers online games wagering and lotteries. This site offers wagers on an assortment of games, particularly supporting soccer. It likewise gives the clients to play the national lottery. This site as of now utilizes 36 innovations. MISLI.com has been positioned 12,027 among the worldwide sites dependent on the huge number of its month to month guests surpassing 4,115,485.
45-Sky BET
Sky wagering and gaming, a British based Canadian organization, has offered a wagering division as Sky Bet. It possesses 1,628 representatives and is evaluated sixth among the ten highest contenders. This organization is the world's driving internet gaming and wagering organization which has the most noteworthy number of clients than any other person. Lion's share of the tasks of Sky Bet are led from Leeds. They offer to wager through their site, phone or portable applications and so forth. AGCC licenses the organization. Sky Bet likewise had a TV channel on Sky Channel 864 which quit working on February 2012.
46-Bet SAFE
With regards to online club and wagering, and Bet Safe is a rumored name. This website is a bookmaker and online gambling club which was established in 2006 and is possessed by a notable Swedish organization. 400 fifty thousand clients profit the ideas from 100 distinct nations around the globe. The dependability and unwavering quality of the site are apparent by the tremendous number of clients it possesses. Wager Safe is an easy to understand site offering an enormous assortment of games and items. It gives an astounding client assistance program and its simple to store and pull back cash. This site gives its clients the best web based gaming experience.
47-1xBit
This site offer betting stage for Bitcoin and digital money was established in 2016. Wagers are offered day by day more than 1000 games. Live online club games and in excess of 3000 openings are likewise accessible. A selective element is that it gives its games too. All client accounts bolster numerous monetary forms, and it empowers the players to wager utilizing in excess of ten cryptographic forms of money. Clients are additionally offered an assortment of rewards. A 100% first store reward is the most extreme preferred position. A bug assists with multiplying and right away pull back the main store reserves. Client's perspectives recommend that their client care is dependable and accommodating. It is being seen as the best reserving site for crypto. It offers high chances to the players when contrasted with comparable sportsbooks.
48-Mozzart BET
Since 2000, Mozzart has been a specific piece of the gaming business. This organization offers around 10,000 chances day by day for around 500 games. As of late, Mozzart has led its ground activity with more than 900 retailer shops and has seen a high development rate in its online administrations. One ought to be over 18 to wager on the site Mozzartbet.com. BCLB has given the permit to the site. Live wagering on games is offered including football, ball, tennis and other critical occasions. You can observe live spilling of your preferred round and put down online wagers.
49-Boyle SPORT
Ireland biggest and free bookmaker is known as BoyleSports. They contribute in the online space by adding the top of the line applications to the google play store which offer web based wagering, club, gaming, wagering and lottery administrations. By 2004, they had 77 shops, and in 2006 they opened their 100th store.
50-BetChris
In 2019, BetChris declared to enter the United Kingdom retail advertise with the popular bookmaker Gilbert. The organization's activity was extended in Northern Ireland which made the nation Ireland's biggest retail bookmaker.

For over 60 years, Network Marketing has actually assisted to create even more millionaires than most likely any various other market. It has actually enabled average individuals to produce wealth regardless of their history, education and learning, race or how much cash they had in their savings account.
Hundreds of people have come to be millionaires without the normal prices connected with setting up and also beginning their very own organisation.
The introduction of the Web was once hailed as the excellent device for Multi level marketer, it altered just how business was run, operated as well as grown. Before the Internet, people developed their companies in your area and then worked hard to build them across the country. The Internet allowed them to develop faster nationally as well as eventually around the world.
With several organisations expanding internationally, that in itself brought much more troubles. The registration of business in international nations as well as of course, the registration of the items. Some firms fell behind and saw their turnover decrease. Others stepped up to the difficulty and produced substantial firms.
Today countless people worldwide are involved in Mlm, however how will it alter and establish in the years to come?
From the very early 2000's we saw a big boost of firms offering all-natural wellness items. Wave after wave of new, healthier, life transforming products flooded the market. Lots of were very good and very reliable, nevertheless, some new business just jumped on the bandwagon as well as took advantage of the tidal bore of interest bordering wellness.
From the late 2000's we saw a boost of the number of companies offering cosmetic products as well as once again, even though several items were of top quality, others merely benefited from the expanding fad.
Today lots of health firms and cosmetic companies are seeing an autumn in the number of individuals signing up with and an increase in the number of individuals leaving. Numerous retail companies as well as companies have actually created products cheaper and equally as reliable. Several companies have also seen a significant decrease in the number of visitors to their sites. Is Mlm experiencing a clinical depression?
HOLTON BUGGS
The child boomers had a substantial effect on Internet marketing. A lot of the products and also organisations were customized to their requirements. Currently though as infant boomers get to retired life the industry is facing a new difficulty. Do we cater for simply infant boomers or do we begin to target the younger market and move business on via modern technology?
The following 2 or 3 years will, I believe, be very important for all firms in this industry. In 2014 we saw the closure of a $Billion a year business. The reasons behind the closure have not been completely published although some reports are that the company relied primarily on its distributors to buy products every month as well as not enough focus on new consumers? If this is true, after that a whole new can of worms has actually been opened up and also several business will be running about in panic seeing to it they have sufficient new consumers every month to stop interest from the authorities.
One more rumor is that the authorities are seriously wanting to avoid business from charging their distributors immediately each month for item and also earnings qualification. Auto-ship, as it is recognized in the market, could end up being a thing of the past. This alone will certainly have a large effect, not simply on the business, however additionally on the revenues of numerous distributors. Again, I worry, it is in the meantime only a report.
So where will the industry go from below as well as how ill it manage any brand-new regulations or compelled modifications it will require to make?
No matter what you may believe, the industry is still very popular and also will continue to be the very best choice for any person that intends to relocate far from corporate business and benefit themselves yet not by themselves. There is, since today, nothing else means someone can produce wide range without significant startup prices.
The Web has actually opened new doors for people and also provided the chance to learn as well as begin an on the internet company. Nonetheless, the failing price for people beginning associate businesses or online companies is much higher than that of people who stopped Mlm.
Even so, Network Marketing needs to transform with the times and make use of the massive potential of today's technical globe. Cellphone are anticipated to represent over 70% of Net site visitors within the next five years worldwide. In many third world countries, that figure is also higher now!
Within 5 years over 5 billion people will certainly have access to the Web. Today that number is 2.8 Billion, so the possibility for any business to progress it needs to have the ability to meet the demands of it market.
We are likewise seeing a slow-moving yet certain decline in the need for money. The UK in 2015 had much less people spending money than those who paid with cards or cellphones. Some financial experts forecast that the UK will certainly become one of the initial western countries to get rid of the demand for money within 5 years!
Kenya introduced mobile settlements a few years ago as well as today a lot of its populace use it for nearly all their purchases. It is odd to believe that people do not have cash money however they all have smart phones!
Apple Pay, PayPal and also various other kinds of settlements are ending up being the standard today as well as are all contributing to the sluggish yet certain removal of cash money.
How however will this impact the Multi level marketing market and why is it vital?
I think the greatest effect will certainly be for distributors. Lots of people are wanting to construct a worldwide company and the easy fact is that if a firm just has health products or cosmetics, the chance to construct a company globally is limited. This can in my point of view have an unfavorable effect on any person wishing to construct worldwide and also persuade them to relocate to an organisation that has international chances.
Along with that, the younger generation is extra cynical regarding so called "wonder products" today as well as we have seen a substantial enhancement in regular retail store products that use the exact same for a whole lot much less in rate.
The one location where the industry will see enormous development and also capacity is in the globe of digital currency. As we move increasingly more towards a cashless society, it makes sense that electronic currency will at some point become the means most people spend for items and solutions.
We have currently seen a substantial surge in the variety of companies that accept Bitcoin and that pattern will only increase with time. The major product firms can offer in the electronic world is certainly education and learning. Education in innovation, digital money and also investing. This I think is one location where Internet marketing has the prospective to grow as well as is currently making huge strides in that market.
There will certainly constantly be an air of skepticism bordering Network Marketing, despite the fact that most individuals do it every single day of their life. Whenever we recommend something or someplace to a buddy or coworker, we are in reality network marketing. Word of mouth has been the best kind of advertising and marketing for several years and despite all the different means business can promote their company today, word of mouth and suggestion will certainly constantly be the front runner for lots of people.
If you remain in Internet marketing or thinking about joining a company, after that do your due persistance. Don't jump in with a firm that restricts your potential. The following 5 years will see some large changes occurring and any kind of firm you determine to collaborate with, have to remain in a position to not just provide you the tools, yet also a possibility that will certainly in time be eye-catching to every person as well as not simply those that want to begin a company from residence.

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Main Card: (Spike) @ 9:00 PM ET

• Cheick Kongo vs. Tony Johnson
• Joe Warren vs. Sirwan Kakai
• Anastasia Yankova vs. Veta Arteaga
• Derek Campos vs. Djamil Chan

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• Mark Dickman vs. Daniel Pineda
• Tommy Burghart vs. Armando Villareal
• Nick Gonzalez vs. Warren Stewart
• Deuce King vs. Rey Trujillo
• Matt Mazurek vs. Jose Guerra
• Garrett Scott vs. Waylon Brunstrup
• Sean Clements vs. Jonathon Taylor

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THE EIGHTH ASSESSMENT OF THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE, 2031

 
Summary for Policy Makers
 
At its 62nd Session (Nairobi, Kenya, 11 – 13 April 2025), the IPCC Panel has been tasked to prepare a special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. For decades, scientists and policymakers have framed the climate-policy debate in a simple way: scientists analyse long-term goals, and policymakers pretend to honor them. Those days are over: the IPCC has identified three lines of evidence that now suggest that global warming will be faster than projected in the recent analysis prepared in the 2010s and early 2020s.
First, greenhouse-gas emissions are continuing to experience rapid rise. In 2025, industrial carbon dioxide emissions are estimated to have reached about 47 gigatonnes, putting them on track with the highest emissions trajectory the IPCC has modeled since it's inception. This dark news, driven by the failure of major countries to enact meaningful mitigation measures, means that the next 25 years are poised to warm at a rate of 0.25–0.32 °C per decade; faster than the 0.2 °C per decade that the global community has experienced since the 2000s, and which the IPCC used in it's previous modelings.
Second, governments are cleaning up air pollution faster than the IPCC and most climate modelers have assumed. For example, China reduced sulfur dioxide emissions from its power plants by 7–14% between 2018 and 2021. Mainstream climate models had previously expected them to rise. Lower pollution is better for crops and public health, but aerosols, including sulfates, nitrates and organic compounds, reflect sunlight. This shield of aerosols has previously kept the planet cooler, possibly by as much as 0.7 °C, globally.
Third, there are signs that the planet might be entering a natural warm phase that could last for a couple of decades. The Pacific Ocean seems to be warming up, in accord with a slow climate cycle known as the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation. This cycle modulates temperatures over the equatorial Pacific and over North America. Similarly, the mixing of deep and surface waters in the Atlantic Ocean (the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation) looks to have weakened since 2015, on the basis of data from drifting floats that probe the deep ocean. Without this mixing, more heat will stay in the atmosphere rather than going into the deep oceans, as it has in the past.
These three forces reinforce each other. The currently working IPCC in the 2031 report has driven an estimate that rising greenhouse-gas emissions, along with declines in air pollution, bring forward the estimated date of 1.5 °C of warming to around 2035, with the 2 °C boundary reached by 2045. These could happen sooner with quicker shedding of air pollutants. Adding in natural decadal fluctuations raises the odds of blasting through 2 °C by 2040 to at least 10%. By comparison, the IPCC assigned probabilities of 17% and 83% for crossing the 1.5 °C mark by 2030 and 2052, respectively, in it's 2008 working report, signaling the net failure of global efforts.
Climate assessments must evaluate quick ways of lessening climate impacts, such as through reducing emissions of methane, soot (or black carbon) and HFCs. Per tonne, these three ‘super pollutants’ have 25 to thousands of times the impact of CO2. Their atmospheric lifetimes are short — in the range of weeks (for soot) to about a decade (for methane and HFCs). Slashing these pollutants would potentially halve the warming trend over the next 25 years, but the effects are still potent when considering the 2°C hard boundary that signals inescapable consequences. There has been progress on this front. At the Global Climate Action summit held in September in San Francisco, California, the United States Climate Alliance — a coalition of state governors representing 40% of the US population — issued a road map to reduce emissions of methane, HFCs and soot by 40–50% by 2030. The 2016 Kigali amendment to the Montreal Protocol, which will go into force by January 2019, was set to slash HFC emissions by 80% over the next 30 years. A failure of the United States under the Trump administration to ratify this amendment has significantly dampened this effort.
The IPCC recommends that various climate engineering options should be on the table as an emergency response. If global conditions continue to deteriorate, the international community might be forced to extract large volumes of excess CO2 directly from the atmosphere. An even faster emergency response would be to inject aerosols into the atmosphere to lower the amount of solar radiation heating the planet, as air pollution does. This option is hugely controversial, and might have unintended consequences, such as altering rainfall patterns that lead to drying of the tropics. Indeed, research and planning are crucial, in case this option is needed. Until there is investment in testing and technical preparedness — today, there continues to be almost none — the chances are high that the wrong kinds of climate-engineering scheme will be deployed by irresponsible parties who are uninformed by research.
 

CURRENT TECHNICAL FORECAST

 
Surface Temperatures: The near term (2019–2031) mean surface temperature increase is 0.9°C to 1.3°C, and the long term (2081–2100) ranges from 0.9°C to 2.3°C (RCP2.6) to 3.2°C to 5.4°C (RCP8.5) (values are relative to 1850–1900, the earliest period for which global mean surface temperatures have been measured, and include the 0.6°C offset from that period to the model reference period 1986–2005). By 2050 the global warming range is 1.5°C to 2.3°C above the 1850–1900 period based on the range across all RCPs and models. Near the end of the century (2081–2100) warming above 4°C is typical of model RCP8.5, while that of best case model RCP2.6 remains below 2°C. Orbital forcing will not trigger widespread glaciation during the next 1000 years (5).
 
Ocean warming, stratification, and circulation: The upper ocean above 700 m has warmed from the mean 1971 to 2019, and the thermal stratification has increased by about 4% above 200 m depth (3). Anthropogenic forcings have made a substantial contribution this upper ocean warming. The global ocean continues to warm in all scenarios. To date there is no observational evidence of a long- term trend in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, and over the 21st century it is projected to weaken but not undergo an abrupt transition or collapse.
 
Ocean acidification and low oxygen: Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2 results in gradual acidification of the ocean. Since 1750 the pH of seawater has decreased by 0.1 (a 26% increase in hydrogen ion concentration) until 2010. Increased storage of carbon by the oceans over the early part of the 21st century will increase acidification, decreasing pH further by 0.065 to 0.31, depending on the model. Aragonite under-saturation becomes widespread in parts of the Arctic and Southern Oceans and in some coastal upwelling systems at atmospheric CO2 levels of 500 to 600 ppm. Oxygen concentrations have decreased since the 1960s in the open ocean thermocline of many regions. By 2100, the oxygen content of the ocean will decrease by a few percent. There is no consensus on projection of the very low oxygen (hypoxic or suboxic) waters in the open ocean.
 

CLIMATIC IMPACTS

 
Observed impacts attributed to climate change since the point of departure in 2008. These impacts have been attributed to climate change with very low, low, medium, or high confidence, with the relative contribution of climate change to the observed change indicated (major or minor), for natural and human systems across eight major world regions over the past three decades (2000-2030). Absence from the table of additional impacts attributed to climate change does not imply that such impacts have not occurred. High confidence describes an event that is currently occurring with little basis for change, medium confidence an event that will soon occur (by 2050) with potential for change, and low confidence represents an event that could occur with no change in course or has insufficient data.

Africa

 
Snow & Ice, Rivers & Lakes, Floods & Drought
 

• Retreat of tropical highland glaciers in East Africa (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Reduced discharge in West African rivers (low confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Lake surface warming and water column stratification increases in the Great Lakes and Lake Kariba (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Increased soil moisture drought in the Sahel since 1970, partially wetter conditions since 1990 (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)

 
Terrestrial Ecosystems
 

• Tree density decreases in western Sahel and semi-arid Morocco, beyond changes due to land use (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Range shifts of several southern plants and animals, beyond changes due to land use (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Increases in wildfires on Mt. Kilimanjaro (low confidence, major contribution from climate change)

 
Coastal Erosion & Marine Ecosystems
 

• Decline in coral reefs in tropical African waters, beyond decline due to human impacts (high confidence, major contribution from climate change) Food Production & Livelihoods
• Adaptive responses to changing rainfall by South African farmers, beyond changes due to economic conditions (very low confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Decline in fruit-bearing trees in Sahel (low confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Malaria increases in Kenyan highlands, beyond changes due to vaccination, drug resistance, demography, and livelihoods (low confidence, minor contribution from climate change)
• Reduced fisheries productivity of Great Lakes and Lake Kariba, beyond changes due to fisheries management and land use (low confidence, minor contribution from climate change)

 

Europe

 
Snow & Ice, Rivers & Lakes, Floods & Drought
 

• Retreat of Alpine, Scandinavian, and Icelandic glaciers (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Increase in rock slope failures in western Alps (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Changed occurrence of extreme river discharges and floods (very low confidence, minor contribution from climate change)

 
Terrestrial Ecosystems
 

• Earlier greening, leaf emergence, and fruiting in temperate and boreal trees (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Increased colonization of alien plant species in Europe, beyond a baseline of some invasion (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Earlier arrival of migratory birds in Europe since 1970 (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Upward shift in tree-line in Europe, beyond changes due to land use (low confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Increasing burnt forest areas during recent decades in Portugal and Greece, beyond some increase due to land use (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)

 
Coastal Erosion & Marine Ecosystems
 

• Northward distributional shifts of zooplankton, fishes, seabirds, and benthic invertebrates in northeast Atlantic (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Northward and depth shift in distribution of many fish species across European seas (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Plankton phenology changes in northeast Atlantic (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Spread of warm water species into the Mediterranean, beyond changes due to invasive species and human impacts (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)

 
Food Production & Livelihoods
 

• Shift from cold-related mortality to heat-related mortality in England and Wales, beyond changes due to exposure and health care (mediumconfidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Impacts on livelihoods of Sámi people in northern Europe, beyond effects of economic and sociopolitical changes (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Stagnation of wheat yields in some countries in recent decades, despite improved technology (medium confidence, minor contribution from climate change)
• Positive yield impacts for some crops mainly in northern Europe, beyond increase due to improved technology (medium confidence, minor contribution from climate change)
• Spread of bluetongue virus in sheep and of ticks across parts of Europe (medium confidence, minor contribution from climate change)

 

Asia

 
Snow & Ice, Rivers & Lakes, Floods & Drought
 

• Permafrost degradation in Siberia, Central Asia, and Tibetan Plateau (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Shrinking mountain glaciers across most of Asia (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Changed water availability in many Chinese rivers, beyond changes due to land use (low confidence, minor contribution from climate change)
• Increased flow in several rivers due to shrinking glaciers (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Earlier timing of maximum spring flood in Russian rivers (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Reduced soil moisture in north-central and northeast China (1950–2006) (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Surface water degradation in parts of Asia, beyond changes due to land use (medium confidence, minor contribution from climate change)

 
Terrestrial Ecosystems
 

• Changes in plant phenology and growth in many parts of Asia (earlier greening), particularly in the north and east (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Distribution shifts of many plant and animal species upwards in elevation or polewards, particularly in the north of Asia (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Invasion of Siberian larch forests by pine and spruce during recent decades (low confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Advance of shrubs into the Siberian tundra (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)

 
Coastal Erosion & Marine Ecosystems
 

• Decline in coral reefs in tropical Asian waters, beyond decline due to human impacts (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Northward range extension of corals in the East China Sea and western Pacific, and of a predatory fish in the Sea of Japan (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Shift from sardines to anchovies in the western North Pacific, beyond fluctuations due to fisheries (low confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Increased coastal erosion in Arctic Asia (low confidence, major contribution from climate change) Food Production & Livelihoods
• Impacts on livelihoods of indigenous groups in Arctic Russia, beyond economic and sociopolitical changes (low confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Negative impacts on aggregate wheat yields in South Asia, beyond increase due to improved technology (medium confidence, minor contribution from climate change)
• Negative impacts on aggregate wheat and maize yields in China, beyond increase due to improved technology (low confidence, minor contribution from climate change)
• Increases in a water-borne disease in Israel (medium confidence, minor contribution from climate change)

 

Australia

 
Snow & Ice, Rivers & Lakes, Floods & Drought
 

• Significant decline in late-season snow depth at 3 of 4 alpine sites in Australia (1957–2002) (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Substantial reduction in ice and glacier ice volume in New Zealand (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Intensification of hydrological drought due to regional warming in southeast Australia (low confidence, minor contribution from climate change)
• Reduced inflow in river systems in southwestern Australia (since the mid-1970s) (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)

 
Terrestrial Ecosystems
 

• Changes in genetics, growth, distribution, and phenology of many species, in particular birds, butterflies, and plants in Australia, beyond fluctuations due to variable local climates, land use, pollution, and invasive species (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Expansion of some wetlands and contraction of adjacent woodlands in southeast Australia (low confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Expansion of monsoon rainforest at expense of savannah and grasslands in northern Australia (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Migration of glass eels advanced by several weeks in Waikato River, New Zealand (low confidence, major contribution from climate change)

 
Coastal Erosion & Marine Ecosystems
 

• Southward shifts in the distribution of marine species near Australia, beyond changes due to short-term environmental fluctuations, fishing, and pollution (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Change in timing of migration of seabirds in Australia (low confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Increased coral bleaching in Great Barrier Reef and western Australian reefs, beyond effects from pollution and physical disturbance (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Changed coral disease patterns at Great Barrier Reef, beyond effects from pollution (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change) food Production & Livelihoods
• Advanced timing of wine-grape maturation in recent decades, beyond advance due to improved management (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Shift in winter vs. summer human mortality in Australia, beyond changes due to exposure and health care (low confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Relocation or diversification of agricultural activities in Australia, beyond changes due to policy, markets, and short-term climate variability (low confidence, minor contribution from climate change)

 

North America

 
Snow & Ice, Rivers & Lakes, Floods & Drought
 

• Shrinkage of glaciers across western and northern North America (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Decreasing amount of water in spring snowpack in western North America (1960–2002) (high confidence, major contribution from climate change) • Shift to earlier peak flow in snow dominated rivers in western North America (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Increased runoff in the midwestern and northeastern US (medium confidence, minor contribution from climate change)

 
Terrestrial Ecosystems
 

• Phenology changes and species distribution shifts upward in elevation and northward across multiple taxa (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Increased wildfire frequency in subarctic conifer forests and tundra (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Regional increases in tree mortality and insect infestations in forests (low confidence, minor contribution from climate change)
• Increase in wildfire activity, fire frequency and duration, and burnt area in forests of the western US and boreal forests in Canada, beyond changes due to land use and fire management (medium confidence, minor contribution from climate change)

 
Coastal Erosion & Marine Ecosystems
 

• Northward distributional shifts of northwest Atlantic fish species (high confidence, major contribution from climate change) • Changes in musselbeds along the west coast of US (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Changed migration and survival of salmon in northeast Pacific (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Increased coastal erosion in Alaska and Canada (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)

 
Food Production & Livelihoods
 

• Impacts on livelihoods of indigenous groups in the Canadian Arctic, beyond effects of economic and sociopolitical changes (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)

 

Central and South America

 
Snow & Ice, Rivers & Lakes, Floods & Drought
 

• Shrinkage of Andean glaciers (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Changes in extreme flows in Amazon River (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Changing discharge patterns in rivers in the western Andes (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Increased streamflow in sub-basins of the La Plata River, beyond increase due to land-use change (high confidence, major contribution from climate change) Terrestrial Ecosystems
• Increased tree mortality and forest fire in the Amazon (low confidence, minor contribution from climate change)
• Rainforest degradation and recession in the Amazon, beyond reference trends in deforestation and land degradation (low confidence, minor contribution from climate change)

 
Coastal Erosion & Marine Ecosystems
 

• Increased coral bleaching in western Caribbean, beyond effects from pollution and physical disturbance (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Mangrove degradation on north coast of South America, beyond degradation due to pollution and land use (low confidence, minor contribution from climate change) Food Production & Livelihoods
• More vulnerable livelihood trajectories for indigenous Aymara farmers in Bolivia due to water shortage, beyond effects of increasing social and economic stress (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Increase in agricultural yields and expansion of agricultural areas in southeastern South America, beyond increase due to improved technology (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)

 

Polar Regions

 
Snow & Ice, Rivers & Lakes, Floods & Drought
 

• Decreasing Arctic sea ice cover in summer (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Reduction in ice volume in Arctic glaciers (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Decreasing snow cover extent across the Arctic (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Widespread permafrost degradation, especially in the southern Arctic (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Ice mass loss along coastal Antarctica (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Increased river discharge for large circumpolar rivers (1997–2007) (low confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Increased winter minimum river flow in most of the Arctic (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Increased lake water temperatures 1985–2009 and prolonged ice-free seasons (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Disappearance of thermokarst lakes due to permafrost degradation in the low Arctic. New lakes created in areas of formerly frozen peat (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)

 
Terrestrial Ecosystems
 

• Increased shrub cover in tundra in North America and Eurasia (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Advance of Arctic tree-line in latitude and altitude (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Changed breeding area and population size of subarctic birds, due to snowbed reduction and/or tundra shrub encroachment (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Loss of snow-bed ecosystems and tussock tundra (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Impacts on tundra animals from increased ice layers in snow pack, following rain-on-snow events (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Increased plant species ranges in the West Antarctic Peninsula and nearby islands over the past 50 years (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Increased phytoplankton productivity in Signy Island lake waters (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)

 
Coastal Erosion & Marine Ecosystems
 

• Increased coastal erosion across Arctic (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Negative effects on non-migratory Arctic species (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Decreased reproductive success in Arctic seabirds (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Decline in Southern Ocean seals and seabirds (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Reduced thickness of foraminiferal shells in southern oceans, due to ocean acidification (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Reduced krill density in Scotia Sea (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)

 
Food Production & Livelihoods
 

• Impact on livelihoods of Arctic indigenous peoples, beyond effects of economic and sociopolitical changes (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Increased shipping traffic across the Bering Strait (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)

 

Small Islands

 
Snow & Ice, Rivers & Lakes, Floods & Drought
 

• Increased water scarcity in Jamaica, beyond increase due to water use (very low confidence, minor contribution from climate change)

 
Terrestrial Ecosystems
 

• Tropical bird population changes in Mauritius (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Decline of an endemic plant in Hawai’i (medium confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Upward trend in tree-lines and associated fauna on high-elevation islands (low confidence, minor contribution from climate change)

 
Coastal Erosion & Marine Ecosystems
 

• Increased coral bleaching near many tropical small islands, beyond effects of degradation due to fishing and pollution (high confidence, major contribution from climate change)
• Degradation of mangroves, wetlands, and seagrass around small islands, beyond degradation due to other disturbances (very low confidence, minor contribution from climate change)
• Increased flooding and erosion, beyond erosion due to human activities, natural erosion, and accretion (low confidence, minor contribution from climate change)
• Degradation of groundwater and freshwater ecosystems due to saline intrusion, beyond degradation due to pollution and groundwater pumping (low confidence, minor contribution from climate change)

 
Food Production & Livelihoods
 

• Increased degradation of coastal fisheries due to direct effects and effects of increased coral reef bleaching, beyond degradation due to overfishing and pollution (low confidence, minor contribution from climate change)